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1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- | 1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- |
2 @ignore | 2 @ignore |
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH | 3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH |
4 | 4 |
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the | 5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the |
6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors' | 6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors' |
7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes.. | 7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes.. |
8 @end ignore | 8 @end ignore |
9 | 9 |
10 @c \version "2.20.0" | 10 @c \version "2.20.0" |
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944 turning off rest merging temporarily. | 944 turning off rest merging temporarily. |
945 | 945 |
946 @node Automatic part combining | 946 @node Automatic part combining |
947 @unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic part combining | 947 @unnumberedsubsubsec Automatic part combining |
948 | 948 |
949 @cindex automatic part combining | 949 @cindex automatic part combining |
950 @cindex part combiner | 950 @cindex part combiner |
951 @cindex combining parts | 951 @cindex combining parts |
952 @cindex a due part | 952 @cindex a due part |
953 @cindex solo part | 953 @cindex solo part |
954 @funindex \partcombine | 954 @funindex \partCombine |
955 | 955 |
956 Automatic part combining is used to merge two separate parts of music | 956 Automatic part combining is used to merge two separate parts of music |
957 onto a single staff. This can be especially helpful when typesetting | 957 onto a single staff. This can be especially helpful when typesetting |
958 orchestral scores. A single @code{Voice} is printed while the two parts | 958 orchestral scores. A single @code{Voice} is printed while the two parts |
959 of music are the same, but in places where they differ, a second | 959 of music are the same, but in places where they differ, a second |
960 @code{Voice} is printed. Stem directions are set up & down accordingly | 960 @code{Voice} is printed. Stem directions are set up & down accordingly |
961 while Solo and @notation{a due} parts are also identified and marked | 961 while Solo and @notation{a due} parts are also identified and marked |
962 appropriately. | 962 appropriately. |
963 | 963 |
964 The syntax for automatic part combining is: | 964 The syntax for automatic part combining is: |
965 | 965 |
966 @example | 966 @example |
967 \partcombine @var{musicexpr1} @var{musicexpr2} | 967 \partCombine @var{musicexpr1} @var{musicexpr2} |
968 @end example | 968 @end example |
969 | 969 |
970 The following example demonstrates the basic functionality, putting | 970 The following example demonstrates the basic functionality, putting |
971 parts on a single staff as polyphony and setting stem directions | 971 parts on a single staff as polyphony and setting stem directions |
972 accordingly. The same variables are used for the independent parts and | 972 accordingly. The same variables are used for the independent parts and |
973 the combined staff. | 973 the combined staff. |
974 | 974 |
975 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 975 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
976 instrumentOne = \relative { | 976 instrumentOne = \relative { |
977 c'4 d e f | | 977 c'4 d e f | |
978 R1 | | 978 R1 | |
979 d'4 c b a | | 979 d'4 c b a | |
980 b4 g2 f4 | | 980 b4 g2 f4 | |
981 e1 | | 981 e1 | |
982 } | 982 } |
983 | 983 |
984 instrumentTwo = \relative { | 984 instrumentTwo = \relative { |
985 R1 | | 985 R1 | |
986 g'4 a b c | | 986 g'4 a b c | |
987 d4 c b a | | 987 d4 c b a | |
988 g4 f( e) d | | 988 g4 f( e) d | |
989 e1 | | 989 e1 | |
990 } | 990 } |
991 | 991 |
992 << | 992 << |
993 \new Staff \instrumentOne | 993 \new Staff \instrumentOne |
994 \new Staff \instrumentTwo | 994 \new Staff \instrumentTwo |
995 \new Staff \partcombine \instrumentOne \instrumentTwo | 995 \new Staff \partCombine \instrumentOne \instrumentTwo |
996 >> | 996 >> |
997 @end lilypond | 997 @end lilypond |
998 | 998 |
999 Both parts have identical notes in the third measure, so only one | 999 Both parts have identical notes in the third measure, so only one |
1000 instance of the notes is printed. Stem, slur, and tie directions are | 1000 instance of the notes is printed. Stem, slur, and tie directions are |
1001 set automatically, depending on whether the parts are playing solo or in | 1001 set automatically, depending on whether the parts are playing solo or in |
1002 unison. When needed in polyphony situations, the first part (with | 1002 unison. When needed in polyphony situations, the first part (with |
1003 context called @code{one}) gets @qq{up} stems, while the second (called | 1003 context called @code{one}) gets @qq{up} stems, while the second (called |
1004 @code{two}) always gets @qq{down} stems. In solo situations, the first | 1004 @code{two}) always gets @qq{down} stems. In solo situations, the first |
1005 and second parts get marked with @qq{Solo} and @qq{Solo II}, | 1005 and second parts get marked with @qq{Solo} and @qq{Solo II}, |
1006 respectively. The unison (@notation{a due}) parts are marked with the | 1006 respectively. The unison (@notation{a due}) parts are marked with the |
1007 text @qq{a2}. | 1007 text @qq{a2}. |
1008 | 1008 |
1009 By default, the partcombiner merges two notes of the same pitch as an | 1009 By default, the partCombiner merges two notes of the same pitch as an |
1010 @notation{a due} note, combines notes with the same | 1010 @notation{a due} note, combines notes with the same |
1011 rhythm less than a ninth apart as chords and separates notes more than | 1011 rhythm less than a ninth apart as chords and separates notes more than |
1012 a ninth apart (or when the voices cross) into | 1012 a ninth apart (or when the voices cross) into |
1013 separate voices. This can be overridden with an optional argument of a pair | 1013 separate voices. This can be overridden with an optional argument of a pair |
1014 of numbers after the @code{\partcombine} command: the first specifies | 1014 of numbers after the @code{\partCombine} command: the first specifies |
1015 the interval where notes start to be combined (the default is zero) and the | 1015 the interval where notes start to be combined (the default is zero) and the |
1016 second where the notes are split into separate voices. Setting the second | 1016 second where the notes are split into separate voices. Setting the second |
1017 argument to zero means that the partcombiner splits notes with an interval of | 1017 argument to zero means that the partCombiner splits notes with an interval of |
1018 a second or more, setting it to one splits notes of a third or more, and so on. | 1018 a second or more, setting it to one splits notes of a third or more, and so on. |
1019 | 1019 |
1020 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 1020 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
1021 instrumentOne = \relative { | 1021 instrumentOne = \relative { |
1022 a4 b c d | | 1022 a4 b c d | |
1023 e f g a | | 1023 e f g a | |
1024 b c d e | | 1024 b c d e | |
1025 } | 1025 } |
1026 | 1026 |
1027 instrumentTwo = \relative { | 1027 instrumentTwo = \relative { |
1028 c'4 c c c | | 1028 c'4 c c c | |
1029 c c c c | | 1029 c c c c | |
1030 c c c c | | 1030 c c c c | |
1031 } | 1031 } |
1032 | 1032 |
1033 << | 1033 << |
1034 \new Staff \partcombine \instrumentOne \instrumentTwo | 1034 \new Staff \partCombine \instrumentOne \instrumentTwo |
1035 \new Staff \partcombine #'(2 . 3) \instrumentOne \instrumentTwo | 1035 \new Staff \partCombine #'(2 . 3) \instrumentOne \instrumentTwo |
1036 >> | 1036 >> |
1037 @end lilypond | 1037 @end lilypond |
1038 | 1038 |
1039 | 1039 |
1040 Both arguments to @code{\partcombine} will be interpreted as separate | 1040 Both arguments to @code{\partCombine} will be interpreted as separate |
1041 @code{Voice} contexts, so if the music is being specified in relative | 1041 @code{Voice} contexts, so if the music is being specified in relative |
1042 mode then @emph{both} parts must contain a @code{\relative} function, | 1042 mode then @emph{both} parts must contain a @code{\relative} function, |
1043 i.e., | 1043 i.e., |
1044 | 1044 |
1045 @example | 1045 @example |
1046 \partcombine | 1046 \partCombine |
1047 \relative @dots{} @var{musicexpr1} | 1047 \relative @dots{} @var{musicexpr1} |
1048 \relative @dots{} @var{musicexpr2} | 1048 \relative @dots{} @var{musicexpr2} |
1049 @end example | 1049 @end example |
1050 | 1050 |
1051 @noindent | 1051 @noindent |
1052 A @code{\relative} section that encloses a @code{\partcombine} has no | 1052 A @code{\relative} section that encloses a @code{\partCombine} has no |
1053 effect on the pitches of @code{@var{musicexpr1}} or | 1053 effect on the pitches of @code{@var{musicexpr1}} or |
1054 @code{@var{musicexpr2}}. | 1054 @code{@var{musicexpr2}}. |
1055 | 1055 |
1056 @funindex \partcombineChords | 1056 @funindex \partCombineChords |
1057 @funindex \partcombineApart | 1057 @funindex \partCombineApart |
1058 @funindex \partcombineUnisono | 1058 @funindex \partCombineUnisono |
1059 @funindex \partcombineSoloI | 1059 @funindex \partCombineSoloI |
1060 @funindex \partcombineSoloII | 1060 @funindex \partCombineSoloII |
1061 @funindex \partcombineAutomatic | 1061 @funindex \partCombineAutomatic |
1062 | 1062 |
1063 In professional scores, voices are often kept apart from each other for | 1063 In professional scores, voices are often kept apart from each other for |
1064 long passages of music even if some of the notes are the same in both | 1064 long passages of music even if some of the notes are the same in both |
1065 voices, and could just as easily be printed as unison. Combining notes | 1065 voices, and could just as easily be printed as unison. Combining notes |
1066 into a chord, or showing one voice as solo is, therefore, not ideal as | 1066 into a chord, or showing one voice as solo is, therefore, not ideal as |
1067 the @code{\partcombine} function considers each note separately. In this | 1067 the @code{\partCombine} function considers each note separately. In this |
1068 case the @code{\partcombine} function can be overridden with one of the | 1068 case the @code{\partCombine} function can be overridden with one of the |
1069 following commands. All of the commands may be preceded with | 1069 following commands. All of the commands may be preceded with |
1070 @code{\once} in order to have them only apply to the next note in | 1070 @code{\once} in order to have them only apply to the next note in |
1071 the music expression. | 1071 the music expression. |
1072 | 1072 |
1073 @itemize | 1073 @itemize |
1074 @item | 1074 @item |
1075 @code{\partcombineApart} keeps the | 1075 @code{\partCombineApart} keeps the |
1076 notes as two separate voices, even if they can be combined into a chord | 1076 notes as two separate voices, even if they can be combined into a chord |
1077 or unison. | 1077 or unison. |
1078 | 1078 |
1079 @item | 1079 @item |
1080 @code{\partcombineChords} combines the | 1080 @code{\partCombineChords} combines the |
1081 notes into a chord. | 1081 notes into a chord. |
1082 | 1082 |
1083 @item | 1083 @item |
1084 @code{\partcombineUnisono} combines | 1084 @code{\partCombineUnisono} combines |
1085 both voices as @qq{unison}. | 1085 both voices as @qq{unison}. |
1086 | 1086 |
1087 @item | 1087 @item |
1088 @code{\partcombineSoloI} prints only | 1088 @code{\partCombineSoloI} prints only |
1089 voice one, and marks it as a @qq{Solo}. | 1089 voice one, and marks it as a @qq{Solo}. |
1090 | 1090 |
1091 @item | 1091 @item |
1092 @code{\partcombineSoloII} prints only | 1092 @code{\partCombineSoloII} prints only |
1093 voice two and marks it as a @qq{Solo}. | 1093 voice two and marks it as a @qq{Solo}. |
1094 | 1094 |
1095 @item | 1095 @item |
1096 @code{\partcombineAutomatic} ends | 1096 @code{\partCombineAutomatic} ends |
1097 the functions of the commands above, and reverts back to the standard | 1097 the functions of the commands above, and reverts back to the standard |
1098 @code{\partcombine} functionality. | 1098 @code{\partCombine} functionality. |
1099 @end itemize | 1099 @end itemize |
1100 | 1100 |
1101 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 1101 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
1102 instrumentOne = \relative c' { | 1102 instrumentOne = \relative c' { |
1103 \partcombineApart c2^"apart" e | | 1103 \partCombineApart c2^"apart" e | |
1104 \partcombineAutomatic e2^"auto" e | | 1104 \partCombineAutomatic e2^"auto" e | |
1105 \partcombineChords e'2^"chord" e | | 1105 \partCombineChords e'2^"chord" e | |
1106 \partcombineAutomatic c2^"auto" c | | 1106 \partCombineAutomatic c2^"auto" c | |
1107 \partcombineApart c2^"apart" \once \partcombineChords e^"chord once" | | 1107 \partCombineApart c2^"apart" \once \partCombineChords e^"chord once" | |
1108 c2 c | | 1108 c2 c | |
1109 } | 1109 } |
1110 instrumentTwo = \relative { | 1110 instrumentTwo = \relative { |
1111 c'2 c | | 1111 c'2 c | |
1112 e2 e | | 1112 e2 e | |
1113 a,2 c | | 1113 a,2 c | |
1114 c2 c' | | 1114 c2 c' | |
1115 c2 c | | 1115 c2 c | |
1116 c2 c | | 1116 c2 c | |
1117 } | 1117 } |
1118 | 1118 |
1119 << | 1119 << |
1120 \new Staff { \instrumentOne } | 1120 \new Staff { \instrumentOne } |
1121 \new Staff { \instrumentTwo } | 1121 \new Staff { \instrumentTwo } |
1122 \new Staff { \partcombine \instrumentOne \instrumentTwo } | 1122 \new Staff { \partCombine \instrumentOne \instrumentTwo } |
1123 >> | 1123 >> |
1124 @end lilypond | 1124 @end lilypond |
1125 | 1125 |
1126 | 1126 |
1127 @subsubsubheading Using \partcombine with lyrics | 1127 @subsubsubheading Using \partCombine with lyrics |
1128 | 1128 |
1129 @cindex \partcombine and lyrics | 1129 @cindex \partCombine and lyrics |
1130 | 1130 |
1131 The @code{\partcombine} command is not designed to work with | 1131 The @code{\partCombine} command is not designed to work with |
1132 lyrics; if one of the voices is explicitly named in order to | 1132 lyrics; if one of the voices is explicitly named in order to |
1133 attach lyrics to it, the partcombiner will stop working. However, | 1133 attach lyrics to it, the partCombiner will stop working. However, |
1134 this effect can be achieved using a @code{NullVoice} context. See | 1134 this effect can be achieved using a @code{NullVoice} context. See |
1135 @ref{Polyphony with shared lyrics}. | 1135 @ref{Polyphony with shared lyrics}. |
1136 | 1136 |
1137 | 1137 |
1138 @snippets | 1138 @snippets |
1139 | 1139 |
1140 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle] | 1140 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle] |
1141 {combining-two-parts-on-the-same-staff.ly} | 1141 {combining-two-parts-on-the-same-staff.ly} |
1142 | 1142 |
1143 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle] | 1143 @lilypondfile[verbatim,quote,texidoc,doctitle] |
1144 {changing-partcombine-texts.ly} | 1144 {changing-partcombine-texts.ly} |
1145 | 1145 |
1146 @seealso | 1146 @seealso |
1147 Music Glossary: | 1147 Music Glossary: |
1148 @rglos{a due}, | 1148 @rglos{a due}, |
1149 @rglos{part}. | 1149 @rglos{part}. |
1150 | 1150 |
1151 Notation Reference: | 1151 Notation Reference: |
1152 @ref{Writing parts}. | 1152 @ref{Writing parts}. |
1153 | 1153 |
1154 Snippets: | 1154 Snippets: |
1155 @rlsr{Simultaneous notes}. | 1155 @rlsr{Simultaneous notes}. |
1156 | 1156 |
1157 Internals Reference: | 1157 Internals Reference: |
1158 @rinternals{PartCombineMusic}, | 1158 @rinternals{PartCombineMusic}, |
1159 @rinternals{Voice}. | 1159 @rinternals{Voice}. |
1160 | 1160 |
1161 @knownissues | 1161 @knownissues |
1162 All @code{\partcombine@dots{}} functions can only accept two voices. | 1162 All @code{\partCombine@dots{}} functions can only accept two voices. |
1163 | 1163 |
1164 @code{\partcombine@dots{}} functions cannot be placed inside a @code{\tuplet} | 1164 @code{\partCombine@dots{}} functions cannot be placed inside a @code{\tuplet} |
1165 or @code{\relative} block. | 1165 or @code{\relative} block. |
1166 | 1166 |
1167 If @code{printPartCombineTexts} is set and the two voices play the same | 1167 If @code{printPartCombineTexts} is set and the two voices play the same |
1168 notes @qq{on and off}, in the same measure, the part combiner may | 1168 notes @qq{on and off}, in the same measure, the part combiner may |
1169 typeset @code{a2} more than once in that measure. | 1169 typeset @code{a2} more than once in that measure. |
1170 | 1170 |
1171 @code{\partcombine} only knows when a note starts in a @code{Voice}; it | 1171 @code{\partCombine} only knows when a note starts in a @code{Voice}; it |
1172 cannot, for example, remember if a note in one @code{Voice} has already | 1172 cannot, for example, remember if a note in one @code{Voice} has already |
1173 started when combining notes that have just started in the other | 1173 started when combining notes that have just started in the other |
1174 @code{Voice}. This can lead to a number of unexpected issues including | 1174 @code{Voice}. This can lead to a number of unexpected issues including |
1175 @qq{Solo} or @qq{Unison} marks being printed incorrectly. | 1175 @qq{Solo} or @qq{Unison} marks being printed incorrectly. |
1176 | 1176 |
1177 @code{\partcombine} keeps all spanners (slurs, ties, hairpins, etc.) in | 1177 @code{\partCombine} keeps all spanners (slurs, ties, hairpins, etc.) in |
1178 the same @code{Voice} so that if any such spanners start or end in a | 1178 the same @code{Voice} so that if any such spanners start or end in a |
1179 different @code{Voice}, they may not be printed properly or at all. | 1179 different @code{Voice}, they may not be printed properly or at all. |
1180 | 1180 |
1181 If the @code{\partcombine} function cannot combine both music | 1181 If the @code{\partCombine} function cannot combine both music |
1182 expressions (i.e., when both voices have different durations), it will | 1182 expressions (i.e., when both voices have different durations), it will |
1183 give the voices, internally, its own custom names: @code{one} and | 1183 give the voices, internally, its own custom names: @code{one} and |
1184 @code{two} respectively. This means if there is any @qq{switch} to a | 1184 @code{two} respectively. This means if there is any @qq{switch} to a |
1185 differently named @code{Voice} context, the events in that differently | 1185 differently named @code{Voice} context, the events in that differently |
1186 named @code{Voice} will be ignored. | 1186 named @code{Voice} will be ignored. |
1187 | 1187 |
1188 Refer also to @emph{Known issues and warnings} when using | 1188 Refer also to @emph{Known issues and warnings} when using |
1189 @code{\partcombine} with tablature in @ref{Default tablatures} and the | 1189 @code{\partCombine} with tablature in @ref{Default tablatures} and the |
1190 @emph{Note} in @ref{Automatic beams} when using automatic beaming. | 1190 @emph{Note} in @ref{Automatic beams} when using automatic beaming. |
1191 | 1191 |
1192 | 1192 |
1193 @node Writing music in parallel | 1193 @node Writing music in parallel |
1194 @unnumberedsubsubsec Writing music in parallel | 1194 @unnumberedsubsubsec Writing music in parallel |
1195 | 1195 |
1196 @cindex writing music in parallel | 1196 @cindex writing music in parallel |
1197 @cindex interleaved music | 1197 @cindex interleaved music |
1198 @cindex parallel music | 1198 @cindex parallel music |
1199 @funindex \parallelMusic | 1199 @funindex \parallelMusic |
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1298 >> | 1298 >> |
1299 } | 1299 } |
1300 @end lilypond | 1300 @end lilypond |
1301 | 1301 |
1302 @seealso | 1302 @seealso |
1303 Learning Manual: | 1303 Learning Manual: |
1304 @rlearning{Organizing pieces with variables}. | 1304 @rlearning{Organizing pieces with variables}. |
1305 | 1305 |
1306 Snippets: | 1306 Snippets: |
1307 @rlsr{Simultaneous notes}. | 1307 @rlsr{Simultaneous notes}. |
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