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1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- | 1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- |
2 @ignore | 2 @ignore |
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH | 3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH |
4 | 4 |
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the | 5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the |
6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors' | 6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors' |
7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes.. | 7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes.. |
8 @end ignore | 8 @end ignore |
9 | 9 |
10 @c \version "2.19.21" | 10 @c \version "2.19.21" |
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629 @rglos{melisma}. The syllable to a melisma is usually | 629 @rglos{melisma}. The syllable to a melisma is usually |
630 left-aligned with the first note of the melisma. | 630 left-aligned with the first note of the melisma. |
631 | 631 |
632 When a melisma occurs on a syllable other than the last one in a | 632 When a melisma occurs on a syllable other than the last one in a |
633 word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a | 633 word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a |
634 hyphenated line. This is indicated by placing a double hyphen, | 634 hyphenated line. This is indicated by placing a double hyphen, |
635 @w{@code{--}}, immediately after the syllable. | 635 @w{@code{--}}, immediately after the syllable. |
636 | 636 |
637 Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable | 637 Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable |
638 in a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the | 638 in a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the |
639 syllable to the last note of the melisma. Lilypond detects places | 639 syllable to the last note of the melisma. Lilypond detects places |
Trevor Daniels
2016/12/25 10:52:13
The convention we use is two spaces between senten
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640 where extender lines should be used and adds them automatically. | 640 where extender lines should be used and adds them automatically. |
641 | 641 |
642 There are five ways in which melismata can be indicated: | 642 There are five ways in which melismata can be indicated: |
643 | 643 |
644 @itemize | 644 @itemize |
645 | 645 |
646 @item | 646 @item |
647 Melismata are created automatically over notes which are tied | 647 Melismata are created automatically over notes which are tied |
648 together: | 648 together: |
649 | 649 |
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831 (threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of | 831 (threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of |
832 @code{LyricHyphen}. | 832 @code{LyricHyphen}. |
833 | 833 |
834 @cindex melisma | 834 @cindex melisma |
835 @cindex extender | 835 @cindex extender |
836 | 836 |
837 In the last syllable of a word, melismata are normally indicated with a long | 837 In the last syllable of a word, melismata are normally indicated with a long |
838 horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in the next one. | 838 horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in the next one. |
839 Such a line is called an extender line, and it is added automatically. | 839 Such a line is called an extender line, and it is added automatically. |
840 | 840 |
841 Sometimes it is necessary to skip some notes. You can use @samp{ "" } and | 841 @warning{In previous versions of lilypond it was necessary to use a space and |
842 @samp{ \markup\null } in these cases. | 842 two underscore characters after a syllable to induce generation of an extender |
843 line. The current version of lilypond completely ignores the extender token | |
844 @samp{__}.} | |
845 | |
846 Sometimes it is necessary to skip some notes. Most of the time you will use | |
847 simply @samp{ "" }, but it is also possible to use @samp{ \markup\null }. | |
843 | 848 |
844 @predefined | 849 @predefined |
845 | 850 |
846 @code{\autoExtendersOn} instructs lilypond to generate lyric extenders | 851 @code{\autoExtendersOn} instructs lilypond to generate lyric extenders |
847 automatically. | 852 automatically. |
848 | 853 |
849 @code{\autoExtendersOff} instructs lilypond not to generate lyric extenders | 854 @code{\autoExtendersOff} instructs lilypond not to generate lyric extenders |
850 automatically. | 855 automatically. |
851 | 856 |
852 @code{\autoExtenderLimit #num} sets the lower length limit for lyric extenders | 857 @code{\autoExtenderLimit @var{num}} sets the lower length limit for lyric |
853 to num staffspaces. No lyric extenders shorter than this will be automatically | 858 extenders to num staffspaces. No lyric extenders shorter than this will be |
Trevor Daniels
2016/12/25 10:52:13
@var{num}
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854 generated. If currently inhibited, automatic generation of lyric extenders is | 859 automatically generated. If currently inhibited, automatic generation of |
855 also enabled. | 860 lyric extenders is also enabled. |
856 | 861 |
857 @code{\earlyExtender #num} generates a lyric extender that starts num | 862 @code{\earlyExtender @var{num}} generates a lyric extender that starts num |
Trevor Daniels
2016/12/25 10:52:13
@var{num}
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858 staffspaces left from the associated note instead of a lyrics syllable. | 863 staffspaces left from the associated note instead of a lyrics syllable. |
859 | 864 |
860 @code{\forceExtender} forces a lyric extenders where none would be generated | 865 @code{\forceExtender} forces a lyric extender where none would be generated |
Trevor Daniels
2016/12/25 10:52:13
"extender"
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861 otherwise. | 866 otherwise. |
862 | 867 |
863 @code{\forceExtenderTo #num} forces a lyric extenders of length num | 868 @code{\forceExtenderTo @var{num}} forces a lyric extenders of length num |
Trevor Daniels
2016/12/25 10:52:13
"extender"; @var{num}
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864 staffspaces where none would be generated otherwise. | 869 staffspaces where none would be generated otherwise. |
865 | 870 |
866 @code{\noExtender} suppresses a lyric extender that would be automatically | 871 @code{\noExtender} suppresses a lyric extender that would be automatically |
867 generated. | 872 generated. |
868 | 873 |
869 @code{\shortenExtender #num} tells lilypond to stop the next lyric extender | 874 @code{\shortenExtender @var{num}} tells lilypond to stop the next lyric |
870 num staffspaces left from the normal endpoint. | 875 extender num staffspaces left from the normal endpoint. |
Trevor Daniels
2016/12/25 10:52:13
@var{num}
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871 | 876 |
872 @seealso | 877 @seealso |
873 Internals Reference: | 878 Internals Reference: |
874 @rinternals{LyricExtender}, | 879 @rinternals{LyricExtender}, |
875 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}. | 880 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}. |
876 | 881 |
877 | 882 |
878 @node Techniques specific to lyrics | 883 @node Techniques specific to lyrics |
879 @subsection Techniques specific to lyrics | 884 @subsection Techniques specific to lyrics |
880 | 885 |
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1273 \new Voice = "melody" { | 1278 \new Voice = "melody" { |
1274 \relative { | 1279 \relative { |
1275 a'4 a a a | 1280 a'4 a a a |
1276 \repeat volta 2 { b4 b b b } | 1281 \repeat volta 2 { b4 b b b } |
1277 } | 1282 } |
1278 } | 1283 } |
1279 } | 1284 } |
1280 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { | 1285 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { |
1281 Not re -- peat -- ed. | 1286 Not re -- peat -- ed. |
1282 << | 1287 << |
1283 » { The first time words. } | 1288 { The first time words. } |
1284 » \new Lyrics { | 1289 \new Lyrics { Sec -- ond time words. } |
1285 » \set associatedVoice = "melody" | |
Trevor Daniels
2016/12/25 10:52:13
This \set associatedVoice is also no longer necess
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1286 » Sec -- ond time words. | |
1287 » } | |
1288 >> | 1290 >> |
1289 } | 1291 } |
1290 >> | 1292 >> |
1291 } | 1293 } |
1292 @end lilypond | 1294 @end lilypond |
1293 | 1295 |
1294 More verses may be added in a similar way: | 1296 More verses may be added in a similar way: |
1295 | 1297 |
1296 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] | 1298 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] |
1297 \score { | 1299 \score { |
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1435 \lyricsto "melody" { | 1437 \lyricsto "melody" { |
1436 Sec -- ond "" "" | 1438 Sec -- ond "" "" |
1437 time words. | 1439 time words. |
1438 } | 1440 } |
1439 } | 1441 } |
1440 >> | 1442 >> |
1441 } | 1443 } |
1442 @end lilypond | 1444 @end lilypond |
1443 | 1445 |
1444 @cindex lyrics and tied notes | 1446 @cindex lyrics and tied notes |
1445 @funindex \repeatTie | 1447 @funindex \repeatTie |
Trevor Daniels
2016/12/25 10:52:13
@funindex \earlyExtender
@cindex extender, early
@
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1448 @funindex \earlyExtender | |
1449 @cindex extender, early | |
1450 @funindex \shortenExtender | |
1451 @cindex extender, shorten | |
1446 | 1452 |
1447 When a note is tied over into two or more alternative endings a tie is used to | 1453 When a note is tied over into two or more alternative endings a tie is used to |
1448 carry the note into the first alternative ending and a @code{\repeatTie} is | 1454 carry the note into the first alternative ending and a @code{\repeatTie} is |
1449 used in the second and subsequent endings. This structure causes difficult | 1455 used in the second and subsequent endings. This structure causes difficult |
1450 alignment problems when lyrics are involved and increasing the length of the | 1456 alignment problems when lyrics are involved and increasing the length of the |
1451 alternative sections so the tied notes are contained wholly within them may | 1457 alternative sections so the tied notes are contained wholly within them may |
1452 give a more acceptable result. | 1458 give a more acceptable result. |
1453 | 1459 |
1454 The tie creates a melisma into the first alternative, but not into the second | 1460 The tie creates a melisma into the first alternative, but not into the second |
1455 and subsequent alternatives, so to align the lyrics correctly it is necessary | 1461 and subsequent alternatives, so to align the lyrics correctly it is necessary |
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1487 } | 1493 } |
1488 >> | 1494 >> |
1489 } | 1495 } |
1490 @end lilypond | 1496 @end lilypond |
1491 | 1497 |
1492 Note that if @code{\unfoldRepeats} is used around a section containing | 1498 Note that if @code{\unfoldRepeats} is used around a section containing |
1493 @code{\repeatTie}, the @code{\repeatTie} should be removed to avoid both types | 1499 @code{\repeatTie}, the @code{\repeatTie} should be removed to avoid both types |
1494 of tie being printed. | 1500 of tie being printed. |
1495 | 1501 |
1496 When the repeated section has different words a @code{\repeat} cannot be used | 1502 When the repeated section has different words a @code{\repeat} cannot be used |
1497 around the lyrics and @code{\skip} commands need to be inserted manually, as | 1503 around the lyrics and skip commands coded as @code{""} need to be inserted |
Trevor Daniels
2016/12/25 10:52:13
Replace \skip command
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1498 before. | 1504 manually, as before. |
1499 | 1505 |
1500 @code{\shortenExtender} and @code{\earlyExtender} can be used together with | 1506 @code{\shortenExtender} and @code{\earlyExtender} can be used to give an |
1501 skips coded as @code{""} to give an optimal solution to the problem of lyric | 1507 optimal solution to the problem of lyric extenders in such situations: |
1502 extenders in such situations: | |
1503 | 1508 |
1504 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 1509 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
1505 \paper { | 1510 \paper { |
1506 ragged-right = ##f | 1511 ragged-right = ##f |
1507 } | 1512 } |
1508 | 1513 |
1509 \score { | 1514 \score { |
1510 << | 1515 << |
1511 \new Staff { | 1516 \new Staff { |
1512 \time 2/4 | 1517 \time 2/4 |
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3326 @ref{Ancient notation}. | 3331 @ref{Ancient notation}. |
3327 | 3332 |
3328 @c TODO | 3333 @c TODO |
3329 | 3334 |
3330 @c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet, | 3335 @c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet, |
3331 @c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv | 3336 @c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv |
3332 | 3337 |
3333 @seealso | 3338 @seealso |
3334 Notation Reference: | 3339 Notation Reference: |
3335 @ref{Ancient notation}. | 3340 @ref{Ancient notation}. |
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