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Issue 313240043: Automatic LyricExtenders
Patch Set: Tell parser to ignore "__" token Created 7 years, 3 months ago
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1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- 1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*-
2 @ignore 2 @ignore
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH 3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH
4 4
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the 5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the
6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors' 6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors'
7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes.. 7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes..
8 @end ignore 8 @end ignore
9 9
10 @c \version "2.19.21" 10 @c \version "2.19.21"
(...skipping 243 matching lines...) Expand 10 before | Expand all | Expand 10 after
254 c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2 254 c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2
255 } 255 }
256 \new Voice = "two" \relative { 256 \new Voice = "two" \relative {
257 \voiceTwo 257 \voiceTwo
258 s2 s4. f'8 e4 d c2 258 s2 s4. f'8 e4 d c2
259 } 259 }
260 >> 260 >>
261 261
262 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" 262 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one"
263 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { 263 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
264 Life is __ _ love, live __ life. 264 Life is _ love, live life.
265 } 265 }
266 266
267 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" initially 267 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" initially
268 % then switches to "two" 268 % then switches to "two"
269 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { 269 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" {
270 No more let 270 No more let
271 \set associatedVoice = "two" % must be set one syllable early 271 \set associatedVoice = "two" % must be set one syllable early
272 sins and sor -- rows grow. 272 sins and sor -- rows grow.
273 } 273 }
274 >> 274 >>
(...skipping 352 matching lines...) Expand 10 before | Expand all | Expand 10 after
627 Sometimes, particularly in Medieval and baroque music, several notes are 627 Sometimes, particularly in Medieval and baroque music, several notes are
628 sung on one syllable; this is called melisma, see 628 sung on one syllable; this is called melisma, see
629 @rglos{melisma}. The syllable to a melisma is usually 629 @rglos{melisma}. The syllable to a melisma is usually
630 left-aligned with the first note of the melisma. 630 left-aligned with the first note of the melisma.
631 631
632 When a melisma occurs on a syllable other than the last one in a 632 When a melisma occurs on a syllable other than the last one in a
633 word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a 633 word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a
634 hyphenated line. This is indicated by placing a double hyphen, 634 hyphenated line. This is indicated by placing a double hyphen,
635 @w{@code{--}}, immediately after the syllable. 635 @w{@code{--}}, immediately after the syllable.
636 636
637 Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable in 637 Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable
638 a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the syllable 638 in a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the
639 to the last note of the melisma. This is indicated by placing a 639 syllable to the last note of the melisma. Lilypond detects places
640 double underscore, @code{__}, immediately after the word. 640 where extender lines should be used and adds them automatically.
641 641
642 There are five ways in which melismata can be indicated: 642 There are five ways in which melismata can be indicated:
643 643
644 @itemize 644 @itemize
645 645
646 @item 646 @item
647 Melismata are created automatically over notes which are tied 647 Melismata are created automatically over notes which are tied
648 together: 648 together:
649 649
650 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] 650 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
651 << 651 <<
652 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { 652 \new Voice = "melody" \relative {
653 \time 3/4 653 \time 3/4
654 f''4 g2 ~ | 654 f''4 g2 ~ |
655 4 e2 ~ | 655 4 e2 ~ |
656 8 656 8
657 } 657 }
658 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { 658 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
659 Ky -- ri -- e __ 659 Ky -- ri -- e
660 } 660 }
661 >> 661 >>
662 @end lilypond 662 @end lilypond
663 663
664 @item 664 @item
665 Melismata can be created automatically from the music by placing 665 Melismata can be created automatically from the music by placing
666 slurs over the notes of each melisma. This is the usual way of 666 slurs over the notes of each melisma. This is the usual way of
667 entering lyrics: 667 entering lyrics:
668 668
669 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] 669 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
670 << 670 <<
671 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { 671 \new Voice = "melody" \relative {
672 \time 3/4 672 \time 3/4
673 f''4 g8 ( f e f ) 673 f''4 g8 ( f e f )
674 e8 ( d e2 ) 674 e8 ( d e2 )
675 } 675 }
676 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { 676 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
677 Ky -- ri -- e __ 677 Ky -- ri -- e
678 } 678 }
679 >> 679 >>
680 @end lilypond 680 @end lilypond
681 681
682 Note that phrasing slurs do not affect the creation of melismata. 682 Note that phrasing slurs do not affect the creation of melismata.
683 683
684 @item 684 @item
685 Notes are considered a melisma if they are manually beamed, 685 Notes are considered a melisma if they are manually beamed,
686 providing automatic beaming is switched off. See 686 providing automatic beaming is switched off. See
687 @ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}. 687 @ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}.
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729 to be added to the melisma. 729 to be added to the melisma.
730 730
731 @lilypond[verbatim, quote] 731 @lilypond[verbatim, quote]
732 << 732 <<
733 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { 733 \new Voice = "melody" \relative {
734 \time 3/4 734 \time 3/4
735 f''4 g8 f e f 735 f''4 g8 f e f
736 e8 d e2 736 e8 d e2
737 } 737 }
738 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { 738 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
739 Ky -- ri -- _ _ _ e __ _ _ 739 Ky -- ri -- _ _ _ e _ _
740 } 740 }
741 >> 741 >>
742 @end lilypond 742 @end lilypond
743 743
744 @end itemize 744 @end itemize
745 745
746 It is possible to have ties, slurs and manual beams in the melody 746 It is possible to have ties, slurs and manual beams in the melody
747 without their indicating melismata. To do this, set 747 without their indicating melismata. To do this, set
748 @code{melismaBusyProperties}: 748 @code{melismaBusyProperties}:
749 749
(...skipping 27 matching lines...) Expand all
777 777
778 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] 778 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
779 << 779 <<
780 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { 780 \new Voice = "melody" \relative {
781 \time 3/4 781 \time 3/4
782 \set melismaBusyProperties = #'() 782 \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
783 c'4 d ( e ) 783 c'4 d ( e )
784 g8 [ f ] ~ 4 ~ f 784 g8 [ f ] ~ 4 ~ f
785 } 785 }
786 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { 786 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" {
787 Ky -- ri -- _ e __ _ _ _ 787 Ky -- ri -- _ e _ _ _
788 } 788 }
789 >> 789 >>
790 @end lilypond 790 @end lilypond
791 791
792 792
793 @predefined 793 @predefined
794 @code{\autoBeamOff}, 794 @code{\autoBeamOff},
795 @code{\autoBeamOn}, 795 @code{\autoBeamOn},
796 @code{\melisma}, 796 @code{\melisma},
797 @code{\melismaEnd}. 797 @code{\melismaEnd}.
798 @endpredefined 798 @endpredefined
799 799
800 @seealso 800 @seealso
801 Musical Glossary: 801 Musical Glossary:
802 @rglos{melisma}. 802 @rglos{melisma}.
803 803
804 Learning Manual: 804 Learning Manual:
805 @rlearning{Aligning lyrics to a melody}. 805 @rlearning{Aligning lyrics to a melody}.
806 806
807 Notation Reference: 807 Notation Reference:
808 @ref{Aligning lyrics to a melody}, 808 @ref{Aligning lyrics to a melody},
809 @ref{Automatic syllable durations}, 809 @ref{Automatic syllable durations},
810 @ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}, 810 @ref{Setting automatic beam behavior},
811 @ref{Stanzas with different rhythms}. 811 @ref{Stanzas with different rhythms}.
812 812
813 Internals Reference: 813 Internals Reference:
814 @rinternals{Tunable context properties}. 814 @rinternals{Tunable context properties}.
815 815
816 @knownissues
817 Extender lines under melismata are not created automatically; they
818 must be inserted manually with a double underscore.
819
820
821 @node Extenders and hyphens 816 @node Extenders and hyphens
822 @unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens 817 @unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens
823 818
824 @cindex melisma
825 @cindex extender
826
827 @c TODO cf Multiple notes to one syllable; should this be merged in?
828
829 @c leave this as samp. -gp
830 In the last syllable of a word, melismata are sometimes indicated with
831 a long horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in
832 the next one. Such a line is called an extender line, and it is
833 entered as @samp{ __ } (note the spaces before and after the two
834 underscore characters).
835
836 @warning{Melismata are indicated in the score with extender lines,
837 which are entered as one double underscore; but short melismata can
838 also be entered by skipping individual notes, which are entered as
839 single underscore characters; these do not make an extender line to be
840 typeset by default.}
841
842 @cindex hyphens 819 @cindex hyphens
843 820
844 @c leave this as samp. -gp 821 @c leave this as samp. -gp
845 Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a 822 Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a
846 same word (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen 823 same word (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen
847 characters). The hyphen will be centered between the syllables, and 824 characters). The hyphen will be centered between the syllables, and
848 its length will be adjusted depending on the space between the 825 its length will be adjusted depending on the space between the
849 syllables. 826 syllables.
850 827
851 In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this 828 In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this
852 happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum 829 happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum
853 distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length} 830 distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length}
854 (threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of 831 (threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of
855 @code{LyricHyphen}. 832 @code{LyricHyphen}.
856 833
834 @cindex melisma
835 @cindex extender
836
837 In the last syllable of a word, melismata are normally indicated with a long
838 horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in the next one.
839 Such a line is called an extender line, and it is added automatically.
840
841 Sometimes it is necessary to skip some notes. You can use @samp{ "" } and
842 @samp{ \markup\null } in these cases.
akobel 2016/12/25 14:27:25 I'm only 90% happy about "" and \markup\null... Fo
843
844 @predefined
845
846 @code{\autoExtendersOn} instructs lilypond to generate lyric extenders
847 automatically.
848
849 @code{\autoExtendersOff} instructs lilypond not to generate lyric extenders
850 automatically.
851
852 @code{\autoExtenderLimit #num} sets the lower length limit for lyric extenders
853 to num staffspaces. No lyric extenders shorter than this will be automatically
854 generated. If currently inhibited, automatic generation of lyric extenders is
855 also enabled.
856
857 @code{\earlyExtender #num} generates a lyric extender that starts num
858 staffspaces left from the associated note instead of a lyrics syllable.
859
860 @code{\forceExtender} forces a lyric extenders where none would be generated
861 otherwise.
862
863 @code{\forceExtenderTo #num} forces a lyric extenders of length num
864 staffspaces where none would be generated otherwise.
865
866 @code{\noExtender} suppresses a lyric extender that would be automatically
867 generated.
868
869 @code{\shortenExtender #num} tells lilypond to stop the next lyric extender
870 num staffspaces left from the normal endpoint.
871
857 @seealso 872 @seealso
858 Internals Reference: 873 Internals Reference:
859 @rinternals{LyricExtender}, 874 @rinternals{LyricExtender},
860 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}. 875 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}.
861 876
862 877
863 @node Techniques specific to lyrics 878 @node Techniques specific to lyrics
864 @subsection Techniques specific to lyrics 879 @subsection Techniques specific to lyrics
865 880
866 @c TODO this whole section is to be reorganised 881 @c TODO this whole section is to be reorganised
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1277 @end lilypond 1292 @end lilypond
1278 1293
1279 More verses may be added in a similar way: 1294 More verses may be added in a similar way:
1280 1295
1281 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] 1296 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
1282 \score { 1297 \score {
1283 << 1298 <<
1284 \new Staff { 1299 \new Staff {
1285 \new Voice = "singleVoice" { 1300 \new Voice = "singleVoice" {
1286 \relative { 1301 \relative {
1287 » a'4 a a a 1302 a'4 a a a
1288 » \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b } 1303 \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
1289 c4 c c c 1304 c4 c c c
1290 » } 1305 }
1291 } 1306 }
1292 } 1307 }
1293 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singleVoice" { 1308 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singleVoice" {
1294 Not re -- peat -- ed. 1309 Not re -- peat -- ed.
1295 << 1310 <<
1296 { The first time words. } 1311 { The first time words. }
1297 » \new Lyrics { 1312 \new Lyrics { Sec -- ond time words. }
1298 » \set associatedVoice = "singleVoice" 1313 \new Lyrics { The third time words. }
1299 » Sec -- ond time words.
1300 » }
1301 » \new Lyrics {
1302 » \set associatedVoice = "singleVoice"
1303 » The third time words.
1304 » }
1305 >> 1314 >>
1306 The end sec -- tion. 1315 The end sec -- tion.
1307 } 1316 }
1308 >> 1317 >>
1309 } 1318 }
1310 @end lilypond 1319 @end lilypond
1311 1320
1312 @cindex alignBelowContext 1321 @cindex alignBelowContext
1313 @funindex alignBelowContext 1322 @funindex alignBelowContext
1314 1323
1315 However, if this construct is embedded within a multi-staved 1324 However, if this construct is embedded within a multi-staved
1316 context such as a @code{ChoirStaff} the lyrics of the second and 1325 context such as a @code{ChoirStaff} the lyrics of the second and
1317 third verses will appear beneath the bottom staff. 1326 third verses will appear beneath the bottom staff.
1318 1327
1319 To position them correctly use @code{alignBelowContext}: 1328 To position them correctly use @code{alignBelowContext}:
1320 1329
1321 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] 1330 @lilypond[verbatim,quote]
1322 \score { 1331 \score {
1323 << 1332 <<
1324 \new Staff { 1333 \new Staff {
1325 \new Voice = "melody" { 1334 \new Voice = "melody" {
1326 \relative { 1335 \relative {
1327 » a'4 a a a 1336 a'4 a a a
1328 » \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b } 1337 \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b }
1329 c4 c c c 1338 c4 c c c
1330 » } 1339 }
1331 } 1340 }
1332 } 1341 }
1333 \new Lyrics = "firstVerse" \lyricsto "melody" { 1342 \new Lyrics = "firstVerse" \lyricsto "melody" {
1334 Not re -- peat -- ed. 1343 Not re -- peat -- ed.
1335 << 1344 <<
1336 { The first time words. } 1345 { The first time words. }
1337 » \new Lyrics = "secondVerse" 1346 \new Lyrics = "secondVerse"
1338 \with { alignBelowContext = #"firstVerse" } { 1347 \with { alignBelowContext = #"firstVerse" }
1339 » \set associatedVoice = "melody" 1348 { Sec -- ond time words. }
1340 » Sec -- ond time words. 1349 \new Lyrics = "thirdVerse"
1341 » } 1350 \with { alignBelowContext = #"secondVerse" }
1342 » \new Lyrics = "thirdVerse" 1351 { The third time words. }
1343 \with { alignBelowContext = #"secondVerse" } {
1344 » \set associatedVoice = "melody"
1345 » The third time words.
1346 » }
1347 >> 1352 >>
1348 The end sec -- tion. 1353 The end sec -- tion.
1349 } 1354 }
1350 \new Voice = "harmony" { 1355 \new Voice = "harmony" {
1351 \relative { 1356 \relative {
1352 f'4 f f f \repeat volta 2 { g8 g g4 g2 } a4 a8. a16 a2 1357 f'4 f f f \repeat volta 2 { g8 g g4 g2 } a4 a8. a16 a2
1353 } 1358 }
1354 } 1359 }
1355 >> 1360 >>
1356 } 1361 }
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1389 \lyricsto "melody" { 1394 \lyricsto "melody" {
1390 Not re -- peat -- ed. 1395 Not re -- peat -- ed.
1391 \repeat volta 2 { Re -- peat -- } 1396 \repeat volta 2 { Re -- peat -- }
1392 \alternative { { ed twice. } { ed twice. } } 1397 \alternative { { ed twice. } { ed twice. } }
1393 } 1398 }
1394 } 1399 }
1395 >> 1400 >>
1396 } 1401 }
1397 @end lilypond 1402 @end lilypond
1398 1403
1399 @funindex \skip
1400 @cindex skipping notes in lyrics 1404 @cindex skipping notes in lyrics
1401 @cindex lyrics, skipping notes 1405 @cindex lyrics, skipping notes
1402 1406
1403 But when the repeated section has different words, or when one 1407 But when the repeated section has different words, or when one of the
1404 of the @code{\alternative} blocks starts with a rest, a repeat 1408 @code{\alternative} blocks starts with a rest, a repeat construct cannot be
1405 construct cannot be used around the words and @code{\skip} commands 1409 used around the words and @samp{ "" } have to be inserted manually to skip
1406 have to be inserted manually to skip over the notes in the 1410 over the notes in the alternative sections which do not apply.
1407 alternative sections which do not apply.
1408 1411
1409 Note: do not use an underscore, @code{_}, to skip notes -- an 1412 Note: do not use an underscore, @code{_}, to skip notes -- an underscore
1410 underscore indicates a melisma, causing the preceding syllable 1413 indicates a melisma, causing the preceding syllable to be left-aligned and an
1411 to be left-aligned. 1414 extender to be generated.
1412
1413 @warning{The @code{@bs{}skip} command must be followed by a number,
1414 but this number is ignored in lyrics which derive their durations
1415 from the notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or
1416 @code{\lyricsto}. Each @code{@bs{}skip} skips a single note of any
1417 value, irrespective of the value of the following number.}
1418 1415
1419 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right] 1416 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right]
1420 \score { 1417 \score {
1421 << 1418 <<
1422 \new Staff { 1419 \new Staff {
1423 \time 2/4 1420 \time 2/4
1424 \new Voice = "melody" { 1421 \new Voice = "melody" {
1425 \relative { 1422 \relative {
1426 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b } 1423 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b }
1427 \alternative { { b b } { b c } } 1424 \alternative { { b b } { b c } }
1428 c4 c 1425 c4 c
1429 } 1426 }
1430 } 1427 }
1431 } 1428 }
1432 \new Lyrics { 1429 \new Lyrics {
1433 \lyricsto "melody" { 1430 \lyricsto "melody" {
1434 The first time words. 1431 The first time words. "" "" End here.
1435 \repeat unfold 2 { \skip 1 }
1436 End here.
1437 } 1432 }
1438 } 1433 }
1439 \new Lyrics { 1434 \new Lyrics {
1440 \lyricsto "melody" { 1435 \lyricsto "melody" {
1441 Sec -- ond 1436 Sec -- ond "" ""
1442 \repeat unfold 2 { \skip 1 }
1443 time words. 1437 time words.
1444 } 1438 }
1445 } 1439 }
1446 >> 1440 >>
1447 } 1441 }
1448 @end lilypond 1442 @end lilypond
1449 1443
1450 @cindex lyrics and tied notes 1444 @cindex lyrics and tied notes
1451 @funindex \repeatTie 1445 @funindex \repeatTie
1452 1446
1453 When a note is tied over into two or more alternative endings a 1447 When a note is tied over into two or more alternative endings a tie is used to
1454 tie is used to carry the note into the first alternative ending and 1448 carry the note into the first alternative ending and a @code{\repeatTie} is
1455 a @code{\repeatTie} is used in the second and subsequent endings. 1449 used in the second and subsequent endings. This structure causes difficult
1456 This structure causes difficult alignment problems when lyrics are 1450 alignment problems when lyrics are involved and increasing the length of the
1457 involved and increasing the length of the alternative sections so 1451 alternative sections so the tied notes are contained wholly within them may
1458 the tied notes are contained wholly within them may give a more 1452 give a more acceptable result.
1459 acceptable result.
1460 1453
1461 The tie creates a melisma into the first alternative, but not into 1454 The tie creates a melisma into the first alternative, but not into the second
1462 the second and subsequent alternatives, so to align the lyrics 1455 and subsequent alternatives, so to align the lyrics correctly it is necessary
1463 correctly it is necessary to disable the automatic creation of 1456 to disable the automatic creation of melismata over the volta section and
1464 melismata over the volta section and insert manual skips. 1457 insert manual skips. Note the use of @code{\earlyExtender}.
1465 1458
1466 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] 1459 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
1460 \paper {
1461 ragged-right = ##f
1462 }
1463
1467 \score { 1464 \score {
1468 << 1465 <<
1469 \new Staff { 1466 \new Staff {
1470 \time 2/4 1467 \time 2/4
1471 \new Voice = "melody" { 1468 \new Voice = "melody" {
1472 \relative { 1469 \relative {
1473 \set melismaBusyProperties = #'() 1470 \set melismaBusyProperties = #'()
1474 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~} 1471 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
1475 \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } } 1472 \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
1476 \unset melismaBusyProperties 1473 \unset melismaBusyProperties
1477 c4 c 1474 c4 c
1478 } 1475 }
1479 } 1476 }
1480 } 1477 }
1481 \new Lyrics { 1478 \new Lyrics {
1482 \lyricsto "melody" { 1479 \lyricsto "melody" {
1483 \repeat volta 2 { Here's a __ } 1480 \repeat volta 2 { Here's a }
1484 \alternative { 1481 \alternative {
1485 { \skip 1 verse } 1482 { _ verse }
1486 { \skip 1 sec } 1483 { \earlyExtender #-4 sec -- }
1487 } 1484 }
1488 ond one. 1485 ond one.
1489 } 1486 }
1490 } 1487 }
1491 >> 1488 >>
1492 } 1489 }
1493 @end lilypond 1490 @end lilypond
1494 1491
1495 Note that if @code{\unfoldRepeats} is used around a section 1492 Note that if @code{\unfoldRepeats} is used around a section containing
1496 containing @code{\repeatTie}, the @code{\repeatTie} should be 1493 @code{\repeatTie}, the @code{\repeatTie} should be removed to avoid both types
1497 removed to avoid both types of tie being printed. 1494 of tie being printed.
1498 1495
1499 When the repeated section has different words a @code{\repeat} 1496 When the repeated section has different words a @code{\repeat} cannot be used
1500 cannot be used around the lyrics and @code{\skip} commands need to 1497 around the lyrics and @code{\skip} commands need to be inserted manually, as
1501 be inserted manually, as before. 1498 before.
1499
1500 @code{\shortenExtender} and @code{\earlyExtender} can be used together with
1501 skips coded as @code{""} to give an optimal solution to the problem of lyric
1502 extenders in such situations:
1502 1503
1503 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] 1504 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
1505 \paper {
1506 ragged-right = ##f
1507 }
1508
1504 \score { 1509 \score {
1505 << 1510 <<
1506 \new Staff { 1511 \new Staff {
1507 \time 2/4
1508 \new Voice = "melody" {
1509 \relative {
1510 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
1511 \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
1512 c4 c
1513 }
1514 }
1515 }
1516 \new Lyrics {
1517 \lyricsto "melody" {
1518 Here's a __ verse.
1519 \repeat unfold 2 { \skip 1 }
1520 }
1521 }
1522 \new Lyrics {
1523 \lyricsto "melody" {
1524 Here's one
1525 \repeat unfold 2 { \skip 1 }
1526 more to sing.
1527 }
1528 }
1529 >>
1530 }
1531 @end lilypond
1532
1533 If you wish to show extenders and hyphens into and out of
1534 alternative sections these must be inserted manually.
1535
1536 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
1537 \score {
1538 <<
1539 \new Staff {
1540 \time 2/4 1512 \time 2/4
1541 \new Voice = "melody" { 1513 \new Voice = "melody" {
1542 \relative { 1514 \relative {
1543 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~} 1515 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~}
1544 \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } } 1516 \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } }
1545 c4 c 1517 c4 c
1546 } 1518 }
1547 } 1519 }
1548 } 1520 }
1549 \new Lyrics { 1521 \new Lyrics {
1550 \lyricsto "melody" { 1522 \lyricsto "melody" {
1551 Here's a __ verse. 1523 Here's a verse. "" ""
1552 \repeat unfold 2 { \skip 1 }
1553 } 1524 }
1554 } 1525 }
1555 \new Lyrics { 1526 \new Lyrics {
1556 \lyricsto "melody" { 1527 \lyricsto "melody" {
1557 Here's "a_" 1528 Here's \shortenExtender #4 one "" \earlyExtender #-4 more to sing.
1558 \skip 1
1559 "_" sec -- ond one.
1560 } 1529 }
1561 } 1530 }
1562 >> 1531 >>
1563 } 1532 }
1564 @end lilypond 1533 @end lilypond
1565 1534
1566 @seealso 1535 @seealso
1567 Notation Reference: 1536 Notation Reference:
1568 @ref{Keeping contexts alive}, 1537 @ref{Keeping contexts alive},
1569 @ref{Repeats}. 1538 @ref{Repeats}.
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1660 @funindex \partcombine 1629 @funindex \partcombine
1661 1630
1662 When two voices with different rhythms share the same lyrics, 1631 When two voices with different rhythms share the same lyrics,
1663 aligning the lyrics to one of the voices may lead to problems in 1632 aligning the lyrics to one of the voices may lead to problems in
1664 the other voice. For example, the second lyric extender below is 1633 the other voice. For example, the second lyric extender below is
1665 too short, since the lyrics are aligned only to the top voice: 1634 too short, since the lyrics are aligned only to the top voice:
1666 1635
1667 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] 1636 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
1668 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } 1637 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 }
1669 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } 1638 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) }
1670 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } 1639 words = \lyricmode { la la }
1671 1640
1672 \new Staff << 1641 \new Staff <<
1673 \new Voice = "sopranoVoice" { \voiceOne \soprano } 1642 \new Voice = "sopranoVoice" { \voiceOne \soprano }
1674 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto } 1643 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto }
1675 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sopranoVoice" \words 1644 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sopranoVoice" \words
1676 >> 1645 >>
1677 @end lilypond 1646 @end lilypond
1678 1647
1679 To get the desired result, align the lyrics to a new 1648 To get the desired result, align the lyrics to a new
1680 @code{NullVoice} context containing a suitable combination of the 1649 @code{NullVoice} context containing a suitable combination of the
1681 two voices. The notes of the @code{NullVoice} context do not 1650 two voices. The notes of the @code{NullVoice} context do not
1682 appear on the printed page, but can be used to align the lyrics 1651 appear on the printed page, but can be used to align the lyrics
1683 appropriately: 1652 appropriately:
1684 1653
1685 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] 1654 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
1686 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } 1655 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 }
1687 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } 1656 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) }
1688 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) b( a g a) } 1657 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) b( a g a) }
1689 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } 1658 words = \lyricmode { la la }
1690 1659
1691 \new Staff << 1660 \new Staff <<
1692 \new Voice { \voiceOne \soprano } 1661 \new Voice { \voiceOne \soprano }
1693 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto } 1662 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto }
1694 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner 1663 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner
1695 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words 1664 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words
1696 >> 1665 >>
1697 @end lilypond 1666 @end lilypond
1698 1667
1699 This method also can be used with the @code{\partcombine} 1668 This method also can be used with the @code{\partcombine}
1700 function, which does not allow lyrics on its own: 1669 function, which does not allow lyrics on its own:
1701 1670
1702 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] 1671 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
1703 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } 1672 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 }
1704 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } 1673 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) }
1705 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) b( a g a) } 1674 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) b( a g a) }
1706 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } 1675 words = \lyricmode { la la }
1707 1676
1708 \new Staff << 1677 \new Staff <<
1709 \new Voice \partcombine \soprano \alto 1678 \new Voice \partcombine \soprano \alto
1710 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner 1679 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner
1711 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words 1680 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words
1712 >> 1681 >>
1713 @end lilypond 1682 @end lilypond
1714 1683
1715 @knownissues 1684 @knownissues
1716 The @code{\addLyrics} function only works with @code{Voice} lyrics 1685 The @code{\addLyrics} function only works with @code{Voice} lyrics
1717 and so cannot be used with @code{NullVoice}. 1686 and so cannot be used with @code{NullVoice}.
1718 1687
1719 @noindent 1688 @noindent
1720 The @code{\partcombine} function is described in 1689 The @code{\partcombine} function is described in
1721 @ref{Automatic part combining}. 1690 @ref{Automatic part combining}.
1722 1691
1723 Lastly, this method can be used even when the voices are in 1692 Lastly, this method can be used even when the voices are in
1724 different staves, and is not limited to only two voices: 1693 different staves, and is not limited to only two voices:
1725 1694
1726 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] 1695 @lilypond[quote,verbatim]
1727 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } 1696 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 }
1728 altoOne = \relative { g'2 b8( a b4) } 1697 altoOne = \relative { g'2 b8( a b4) }
1729 altoTwo = \relative { d'2 g4( fis8 g) } 1698 altoTwo = \relative { d'2 g4( fis8 g) }
1730 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) d( d d d) } 1699 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) d( d d d) }
1731 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } 1700 words = \lyricmode { la la }
1732 1701
1733 \new ChoirStaff \with {\accepts NullVoice } << 1702 \new ChoirStaff \with {\accepts NullVoice } <<
1734 \new Staff \soprano 1703 \new Staff \soprano
1735 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner 1704 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner
1736 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words 1705 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words
1737 \new Staff \partcombine \altoOne \altoTwo 1706 \new Staff \partcombine \altoOne \altoTwo
1738 >> 1707 >>
1739 @end lilypond 1708 @end lilypond
1740 1709
1741 @node Stanzas 1710 @node Stanzas
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1937 block: 1906 block:
1938 1907
1939 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote] 1908 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote]
1940 << 1909 <<
1941 \new Voice = melody \relative c' { 1910 \new Voice = melody \relative c' {
1942 \grace { c16( d e f } 1911 \grace { c16( d e f }
1943 g1) f 1912 g1) f
1944 } 1913 }
1945 \new Lyrics \with { includeGraceNotes = ##t } 1914 \new Lyrics \with { includeGraceNotes = ##t }
1946 \lyricsto melody { 1915 \lyricsto melody {
1947 Ah __ fa 1916 Ah fa
1948 } 1917 }
1949 >> 1918 >>
1950 @end lilypond 1919 @end lilypond
1951 1920
1952 @subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody 1921 @subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody
1953 1922
1954 @cindex associatedVoice 1923 @cindex associatedVoice
1955 @cindex alternative melody, switching to 1924 @cindex alternative melody, switching to
1956 1925
1957 More complex variations in setting lyrics to music are possible. 1926 More complex variations in setting lyrics to music are possible.
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3357 @ref{Ancient notation}. 3326 @ref{Ancient notation}.
3358 3327
3359 @c TODO 3328 @c TODO
3360 3329
3361 @c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet, 3330 @c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet,
3362 @c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv 3331 @c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv
3363 3332
3364 @seealso 3333 @seealso
3365 Notation Reference: 3334 Notation Reference:
3366 @ref{Ancient notation}. 3335 @ref{Ancient notation}.
3367
3368
3369
3370
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