OLD | NEW |
1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- | 1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- |
2 @ignore | 2 @ignore |
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH | 3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH |
4 | 4 |
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the | 5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the |
6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors' | 6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors' |
7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes.. | 7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes.. |
8 @end ignore | 8 @end ignore |
9 | 9 |
10 @c \version "2.19.21" | 10 @c \version "2.19.21" |
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254 c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2 | 254 c''4 b8. a16 g4. r8 a4 ( b ) c2 |
255 } | 255 } |
256 \new Voice = "two" \relative { | 256 \new Voice = "two" \relative { |
257 \voiceTwo | 257 \voiceTwo |
258 s2 s4. f'8 e4 d c2 | 258 s2 s4. f'8 e4 d c2 |
259 } | 259 } |
260 >> | 260 >> |
261 | 261 |
262 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" | 262 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" |
263 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { | 263 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { |
264 Life is __ _ love, live __ life. | 264 Life is _ love, live life. |
265 } | 265 } |
266 | 266 |
267 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" initially | 267 % takes durations and alignment from notes in "one" initially |
268 % then switches to "two" | 268 % then switches to "two" |
269 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { | 269 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "one" { |
270 No more let | 270 No more let |
271 \set associatedVoice = "two" % must be set one syllable early | 271 \set associatedVoice = "two" % must be set one syllable early |
272 sins and sor -- rows grow. | 272 sins and sor -- rows grow. |
273 } | 273 } |
274 >> | 274 >> |
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627 Sometimes, particularly in Medieval and baroque music, several notes are | 627 Sometimes, particularly in Medieval and baroque music, several notes are |
628 sung on one syllable; this is called melisma, see | 628 sung on one syllable; this is called melisma, see |
629 @rglos{melisma}. The syllable to a melisma is usually | 629 @rglos{melisma}. The syllable to a melisma is usually |
630 left-aligned with the first note of the melisma. | 630 left-aligned with the first note of the melisma. |
631 | 631 |
632 When a melisma occurs on a syllable other than the last one in a | 632 When a melisma occurs on a syllable other than the last one in a |
633 word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a | 633 word, that syllable is usually joined to the following one with a |
634 hyphenated line. This is indicated by placing a double hyphen, | 634 hyphenated line. This is indicated by placing a double hyphen, |
635 @w{@code{--}}, immediately after the syllable. | 635 @w{@code{--}}, immediately after the syllable. |
636 | 636 |
637 Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable in | 637 Alternatively, when a melisma occurs on the last or only syllable |
638 a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the syllable | 638 in a word an extender line is usually drawn from the end of the |
639 to the last note of the melisma. This is indicated by placing a | 639 syllable to the last note of the melisma. Lilypond detects places |
640 double underscore, @code{__}, immediately after the word. | 640 where extender lines should be used and adds them automatically. |
641 | 641 |
642 There are five ways in which melismata can be indicated: | 642 There are five ways in which melismata can be indicated: |
643 | 643 |
644 @itemize | 644 @itemize |
645 | 645 |
646 @item | 646 @item |
647 Melismata are created automatically over notes which are tied | 647 Melismata are created automatically over notes which are tied |
648 together: | 648 together: |
649 | 649 |
650 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 650 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
651 << | 651 << |
652 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { | 652 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { |
653 \time 3/4 | 653 \time 3/4 |
654 f''4 g2 ~ | | 654 f''4 g2 ~ | |
655 4 e2 ~ | | 655 4 e2 ~ | |
656 8 | 656 8 |
657 } | 657 } |
658 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { | 658 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { |
659 Ky -- ri -- e __ | 659 Ky -- ri -- e |
660 } | 660 } |
661 >> | 661 >> |
662 @end lilypond | 662 @end lilypond |
663 | 663 |
664 @item | 664 @item |
665 Melismata can be created automatically from the music by placing | 665 Melismata can be created automatically from the music by placing |
666 slurs over the notes of each melisma. This is the usual way of | 666 slurs over the notes of each melisma. This is the usual way of |
667 entering lyrics: | 667 entering lyrics: |
668 | 668 |
669 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 669 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
670 << | 670 << |
671 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { | 671 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { |
672 \time 3/4 | 672 \time 3/4 |
673 f''4 g8 ( f e f ) | 673 f''4 g8 ( f e f ) |
674 e8 ( d e2 ) | 674 e8 ( d e2 ) |
675 } | 675 } |
676 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { | 676 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { |
677 Ky -- ri -- e __ | 677 Ky -- ri -- e |
678 } | 678 } |
679 >> | 679 >> |
680 @end lilypond | 680 @end lilypond |
681 | 681 |
682 Note that phrasing slurs do not affect the creation of melismata. | 682 Note that phrasing slurs do not affect the creation of melismata. |
683 | 683 |
684 @item | 684 @item |
685 Notes are considered a melisma if they are manually beamed, | 685 Notes are considered a melisma if they are manually beamed, |
686 providing automatic beaming is switched off. See | 686 providing automatic beaming is switched off. See |
687 @ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}. | 687 @ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}. |
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729 to be added to the melisma. | 729 to be added to the melisma. |
730 | 730 |
731 @lilypond[verbatim, quote] | 731 @lilypond[verbatim, quote] |
732 << | 732 << |
733 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { | 733 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { |
734 \time 3/4 | 734 \time 3/4 |
735 f''4 g8 f e f | 735 f''4 g8 f e f |
736 e8 d e2 | 736 e8 d e2 |
737 } | 737 } |
738 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { | 738 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { |
739 Ky -- ri -- _ _ _ e __ _ _ | 739 Ky -- ri -- _ _ _ e _ _ |
740 } | 740 } |
741 >> | 741 >> |
742 @end lilypond | 742 @end lilypond |
743 | 743 |
744 @end itemize | 744 @end itemize |
745 | 745 |
746 It is possible to have ties, slurs and manual beams in the melody | 746 It is possible to have ties, slurs and manual beams in the melody |
747 without their indicating melismata. To do this, set | 747 without their indicating melismata. To do this, set |
748 @code{melismaBusyProperties}: | 748 @code{melismaBusyProperties}: |
749 | 749 |
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777 | 777 |
778 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] | 778 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] |
779 << | 779 << |
780 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { | 780 \new Voice = "melody" \relative { |
781 \time 3/4 | 781 \time 3/4 |
782 \set melismaBusyProperties = #'() | 782 \set melismaBusyProperties = #'() |
783 c'4 d ( e ) | 783 c'4 d ( e ) |
784 g8 [ f ] ~ 4 ~ f | 784 g8 [ f ] ~ 4 ~ f |
785 } | 785 } |
786 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { | 786 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "melody" { |
787 Ky -- ri -- _ e __ _ _ _ | 787 Ky -- ri -- _ e _ _ _ |
788 } | 788 } |
789 >> | 789 >> |
790 @end lilypond | 790 @end lilypond |
791 | 791 |
792 | 792 |
793 @predefined | 793 @predefined |
794 @code{\autoBeamOff}, | 794 @code{\autoBeamOff}, |
795 @code{\autoBeamOn}, | 795 @code{\autoBeamOn}, |
796 @code{\melisma}, | 796 @code{\melisma}, |
797 @code{\melismaEnd}. | 797 @code{\melismaEnd}. |
798 @endpredefined | 798 @endpredefined |
799 | 799 |
800 @seealso | 800 @seealso |
801 Musical Glossary: | 801 Musical Glossary: |
802 @rglos{melisma}. | 802 @rglos{melisma}. |
803 | 803 |
804 Learning Manual: | 804 Learning Manual: |
805 @rlearning{Aligning lyrics to a melody}. | 805 @rlearning{Aligning lyrics to a melody}. |
806 | 806 |
807 Notation Reference: | 807 Notation Reference: |
808 @ref{Aligning lyrics to a melody}, | 808 @ref{Aligning lyrics to a melody}, |
809 @ref{Automatic syllable durations}, | 809 @ref{Automatic syllable durations}, |
810 @ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}, | 810 @ref{Setting automatic beam behavior}, |
811 @ref{Stanzas with different rhythms}. | 811 @ref{Stanzas with different rhythms}. |
812 | 812 |
813 Internals Reference: | 813 Internals Reference: |
814 @rinternals{Tunable context properties}. | 814 @rinternals{Tunable context properties}. |
815 | 815 |
816 @knownissues | |
817 Extender lines under melismata are not created automatically; they | |
818 must be inserted manually with a double underscore. | |
819 | |
820 | |
821 @node Extenders and hyphens | 816 @node Extenders and hyphens |
822 @unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens | 817 @unnumberedsubsubsec Extenders and hyphens |
823 | 818 |
824 @cindex melisma | |
825 @cindex extender | |
826 | |
827 @c TODO cf Multiple notes to one syllable; should this be merged in? | |
828 | |
829 @c leave this as samp. -gp | |
830 In the last syllable of a word, melismata are sometimes indicated with | |
831 a long horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in | |
832 the next one. Such a line is called an extender line, and it is | |
833 entered as @samp{ __ } (note the spaces before and after the two | |
834 underscore characters). | |
835 | |
836 @warning{Melismata are indicated in the score with extender lines, | |
837 which are entered as one double underscore; but short melismata can | |
838 also be entered by skipping individual notes, which are entered as | |
839 single underscore characters; these do not make an extender line to be | |
840 typeset by default.} | |
841 | |
842 @cindex hyphens | 819 @cindex hyphens |
843 | 820 |
844 @c leave this as samp. -gp | 821 @c leave this as samp. -gp |
845 Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a | 822 Centered hyphens are entered as @samp{ -- } between syllables of a |
846 same word (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen | 823 same word (note the spaces before and after the two hyphen |
847 characters). The hyphen will be centered between the syllables, and | 824 characters). The hyphen will be centered between the syllables, and |
848 its length will be adjusted depending on the space between the | 825 its length will be adjusted depending on the space between the |
849 syllables. | 826 syllables. |
850 | 827 |
851 In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this | 828 In tightly engraved music, hyphens can be removed. Whether this |
852 happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum | 829 happens can be controlled with the @code{minimum-distance} (minimum |
853 distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length} | 830 distance between two syllables) and the @code{minimum-length} |
854 (threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of | 831 (threshold below which hyphens are removed) properties of |
855 @code{LyricHyphen}. | 832 @code{LyricHyphen}. |
856 | 833 |
| 834 @cindex melisma |
| 835 @cindex extender |
| 836 |
| 837 In the last syllable of a word, melismata are normally indicated with a long |
| 838 horizontal line starting in the melisma syllable, and ending in the next one. |
| 839 Such a line is called an extender line, and it is added automatically. |
| 840 |
| 841 Sometimes it is necessary to skip some notes. You can use @samp{ "" } and |
| 842 @samp{ \markup\null } in these cases. |
| 843 |
| 844 @predefined |
| 845 |
| 846 @code{\autoExtendersOn} instructs lilypond to generate lyric extenders |
| 847 automatically. |
| 848 |
| 849 @code{\autoExtendersOff} instructs lilypond not to generate lyric extenders |
| 850 automatically. |
| 851 |
| 852 @code{\autoExtenderLimit #num} sets the lower length limit for lyric extenders |
| 853 to num staffspaces. No lyric extenders shorter than this will be automatically |
| 854 generated. If currently inhibited, automatic generation of lyric extenders is |
| 855 also enabled. |
| 856 |
| 857 @code{\earlyExtender #num} generates a lyric extender that starts num |
| 858 staffspaces left from the associated note instead of a lyrics syllable. |
| 859 |
| 860 @code{\forceExtender} forces a lyric extenders where none would be generated |
| 861 otherwise. |
| 862 |
| 863 @code{\forceExtenderTo #num} forces a lyric extenders of length num |
| 864 staffspaces where none would be generated otherwise. |
| 865 |
| 866 @code{\noExtender} suppresses a lyric extender that would be automatically |
| 867 generated. |
| 868 |
| 869 @code{\shortenExtender #num} tells lilypond to stop the next lyric extender |
| 870 num staffspaces left from the normal endpoint. |
| 871 |
857 @seealso | 872 @seealso |
858 Internals Reference: | 873 Internals Reference: |
859 @rinternals{LyricExtender}, | 874 @rinternals{LyricExtender}, |
860 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}. | 875 @rinternals{LyricHyphen}. |
861 | 876 |
862 | 877 |
863 @node Techniques specific to lyrics | 878 @node Techniques specific to lyrics |
864 @subsection Techniques specific to lyrics | 879 @subsection Techniques specific to lyrics |
865 | 880 |
866 @c TODO this whole section is to be reorganised | 881 @c TODO this whole section is to be reorganised |
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1277 @end lilypond | 1292 @end lilypond |
1278 | 1293 |
1279 More verses may be added in a similar way: | 1294 More verses may be added in a similar way: |
1280 | 1295 |
1281 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] | 1296 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] |
1282 \score { | 1297 \score { |
1283 << | 1298 << |
1284 \new Staff { | 1299 \new Staff { |
1285 \new Voice = "singleVoice" { | 1300 \new Voice = "singleVoice" { |
1286 \relative { | 1301 \relative { |
1287 » a'4 a a a | 1302 a'4 a a a |
1288 » \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b } | 1303 \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b } |
1289 c4 c c c | 1304 c4 c c c |
1290 » } | 1305 } |
1291 } | 1306 } |
1292 } | 1307 } |
1293 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singleVoice" { | 1308 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singleVoice" { |
1294 Not re -- peat -- ed. | 1309 Not re -- peat -- ed. |
1295 << | 1310 << |
1296 { The first time words. } | 1311 { The first time words. } |
1297 » \new Lyrics { | 1312 \new Lyrics { Sec -- ond time words. } |
1298 » \set associatedVoice = "singleVoice" | 1313 \new Lyrics { The third time words. } |
1299 » Sec -- ond time words. | |
1300 » } | |
1301 » \new Lyrics { | |
1302 » \set associatedVoice = "singleVoice" | |
1303 » The third time words. | |
1304 » } | |
1305 >> | 1314 >> |
1306 The end sec -- tion. | 1315 The end sec -- tion. |
1307 } | 1316 } |
1308 >> | 1317 >> |
1309 } | 1318 } |
1310 @end lilypond | 1319 @end lilypond |
1311 | 1320 |
1312 @cindex alignBelowContext | 1321 @cindex alignBelowContext |
1313 @funindex alignBelowContext | 1322 @funindex alignBelowContext |
1314 | 1323 |
1315 However, if this construct is embedded within a multi-staved | 1324 However, if this construct is embedded within a multi-staved |
1316 context such as a @code{ChoirStaff} the lyrics of the second and | 1325 context such as a @code{ChoirStaff} the lyrics of the second and |
1317 third verses will appear beneath the bottom staff. | 1326 third verses will appear beneath the bottom staff. |
1318 | 1327 |
1319 To position them correctly use @code{alignBelowContext}: | 1328 To position them correctly use @code{alignBelowContext}: |
1320 | 1329 |
1321 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] | 1330 @lilypond[verbatim,quote] |
1322 \score { | 1331 \score { |
1323 << | 1332 << |
1324 \new Staff { | 1333 \new Staff { |
1325 \new Voice = "melody" { | 1334 \new Voice = "melody" { |
1326 \relative { | 1335 \relative { |
1327 » a'4 a a a | 1336 a'4 a a a |
1328 » \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b } | 1337 \repeat volta 3 { b4 b b b } |
1329 c4 c c c | 1338 c4 c c c |
1330 » } | 1339 } |
1331 } | 1340 } |
1332 } | 1341 } |
1333 \new Lyrics = "firstVerse" \lyricsto "melody" { | 1342 \new Lyrics = "firstVerse" \lyricsto "melody" { |
1334 Not re -- peat -- ed. | 1343 Not re -- peat -- ed. |
1335 << | 1344 << |
1336 { The first time words. } | 1345 { The first time words. } |
1337 » \new Lyrics = "secondVerse" | 1346 \new Lyrics = "secondVerse" |
1338 \with { alignBelowContext = #"firstVerse" } { | 1347 \with { alignBelowContext = #"firstVerse" } |
1339 » \set associatedVoice = "melody" | 1348 { Sec -- ond time words. } |
1340 » Sec -- ond time words. | 1349 \new Lyrics = "thirdVerse" |
1341 » } | 1350 \with { alignBelowContext = #"secondVerse" } |
1342 » \new Lyrics = "thirdVerse" | 1351 { The third time words. } |
1343 \with { alignBelowContext = #"secondVerse" } { | |
1344 » \set associatedVoice = "melody" | |
1345 » The third time words. | |
1346 » } | |
1347 >> | 1352 >> |
1348 The end sec -- tion. | 1353 The end sec -- tion. |
1349 } | 1354 } |
1350 \new Voice = "harmony" { | 1355 \new Voice = "harmony" { |
1351 \relative { | 1356 \relative { |
1352 f'4 f f f \repeat volta 2 { g8 g g4 g2 } a4 a8. a16 a2 | 1357 f'4 f f f \repeat volta 2 { g8 g g4 g2 } a4 a8. a16 a2 |
1353 } | 1358 } |
1354 } | 1359 } |
1355 >> | 1360 >> |
1356 } | 1361 } |
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1389 \lyricsto "melody" { | 1394 \lyricsto "melody" { |
1390 Not re -- peat -- ed. | 1395 Not re -- peat -- ed. |
1391 \repeat volta 2 { Re -- peat -- } | 1396 \repeat volta 2 { Re -- peat -- } |
1392 \alternative { { ed twice. } { ed twice. } } | 1397 \alternative { { ed twice. } { ed twice. } } |
1393 } | 1398 } |
1394 } | 1399 } |
1395 >> | 1400 >> |
1396 } | 1401 } |
1397 @end lilypond | 1402 @end lilypond |
1398 | 1403 |
1399 @funindex \skip | |
1400 @cindex skipping notes in lyrics | 1404 @cindex skipping notes in lyrics |
1401 @cindex lyrics, skipping notes | 1405 @cindex lyrics, skipping notes |
1402 | 1406 |
1403 But when the repeated section has different words, or when one | 1407 But when the repeated section has different words, or when one of the |
1404 of the @code{\alternative} blocks starts with a rest, a repeat | 1408 @code{\alternative} blocks starts with a rest, a repeat construct cannot be |
1405 construct cannot be used around the words and @code{\skip} commands | 1409 used around the words and @samp{ "" } have to be inserted manually to skip |
1406 have to be inserted manually to skip over the notes in the | 1410 over the notes in the alternative sections which do not apply. |
1407 alternative sections which do not apply. | |
1408 | 1411 |
1409 Note: do not use an underscore, @code{_}, to skip notes -- an | 1412 Note: do not use an underscore, @code{_}, to skip notes -- an underscore |
1410 underscore indicates a melisma, causing the preceding syllable | 1413 indicates a melisma, causing the preceding syllable to be left-aligned and an |
1411 to be left-aligned. | 1414 extender to be generated. |
1412 | |
1413 @warning{The @code{@bs{}skip} command must be followed by a number, | |
1414 but this number is ignored in lyrics which derive their durations | |
1415 from the notes in an associated melody through @code{\addlyrics} or | |
1416 @code{\lyricsto}. Each @code{@bs{}skip} skips a single note of any | |
1417 value, irrespective of the value of the following number.} | |
1418 | 1415 |
1419 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right] | 1416 @lilypond[verbatim,quote,ragged-right] |
1420 \score { | 1417 \score { |
1421 << | 1418 << |
1422 \new Staff { | 1419 \new Staff { |
1423 \time 2/4 | 1420 \time 2/4 |
1424 \new Voice = "melody" { | 1421 \new Voice = "melody" { |
1425 \relative { | 1422 \relative { |
1426 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b } | 1423 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b } |
1427 \alternative { { b b } { b c } } | 1424 \alternative { { b b } { b c } } |
1428 c4 c | 1425 c4 c |
1429 } | 1426 } |
1430 } | 1427 } |
1431 } | 1428 } |
1432 \new Lyrics { | 1429 \new Lyrics { |
1433 \lyricsto "melody" { | 1430 \lyricsto "melody" { |
1434 The first time words. | 1431 The first time words. "" "" End here. |
1435 \repeat unfold 2 { \skip 1 } | |
1436 End here. | |
1437 } | 1432 } |
1438 } | 1433 } |
1439 \new Lyrics { | 1434 \new Lyrics { |
1440 \lyricsto "melody" { | 1435 \lyricsto "melody" { |
1441 Sec -- ond | 1436 Sec -- ond "" "" |
1442 \repeat unfold 2 { \skip 1 } | |
1443 time words. | 1437 time words. |
1444 } | 1438 } |
1445 } | 1439 } |
1446 >> | 1440 >> |
1447 } | 1441 } |
1448 @end lilypond | 1442 @end lilypond |
1449 | 1443 |
1450 @cindex lyrics and tied notes | 1444 @cindex lyrics and tied notes |
1451 @funindex \repeatTie | 1445 @funindex \repeatTie |
1452 | 1446 |
1453 When a note is tied over into two or more alternative endings a | 1447 When a note is tied over into two or more alternative endings a tie is used to |
1454 tie is used to carry the note into the first alternative ending and | 1448 carry the note into the first alternative ending and a @code{\repeatTie} is |
1455 a @code{\repeatTie} is used in the second and subsequent endings. | 1449 used in the second and subsequent endings. This structure causes difficult |
1456 This structure causes difficult alignment problems when lyrics are | 1450 alignment problems when lyrics are involved and increasing the length of the |
1457 involved and increasing the length of the alternative sections so | 1451 alternative sections so the tied notes are contained wholly within them may |
1458 the tied notes are contained wholly within them may give a more | 1452 give a more acceptable result. |
1459 acceptable result. | |
1460 | 1453 |
1461 The tie creates a melisma into the first alternative, but not into | 1454 The tie creates a melisma into the first alternative, but not into the second |
1462 the second and subsequent alternatives, so to align the lyrics | 1455 and subsequent alternatives, so to align the lyrics correctly it is necessary |
1463 correctly it is necessary to disable the automatic creation of | 1456 to disable the automatic creation of melismata over the volta section and |
1464 melismata over the volta section and insert manual skips. | 1457 insert manual skips. Note the use of @code{\earlyExtender}. |
1465 | 1458 |
1466 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 1459 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
| 1460 \paper { |
| 1461 ragged-right = ##f |
| 1462 } |
| 1463 |
1467 \score { | 1464 \score { |
1468 << | 1465 << |
1469 \new Staff { | 1466 \new Staff { |
1470 \time 2/4 | 1467 \time 2/4 |
1471 \new Voice = "melody" { | 1468 \new Voice = "melody" { |
1472 \relative { | 1469 \relative { |
1473 \set melismaBusyProperties = #'() | 1470 \set melismaBusyProperties = #'() |
1474 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~} | 1471 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~} |
1475 \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } } | 1472 \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } } |
1476 \unset melismaBusyProperties | 1473 \unset melismaBusyProperties |
1477 c4 c | 1474 c4 c |
1478 } | 1475 } |
1479 } | 1476 } |
1480 } | 1477 } |
1481 \new Lyrics { | 1478 \new Lyrics { |
1482 \lyricsto "melody" { | 1479 \lyricsto "melody" { |
1483 \repeat volta 2 { Here's a __ } | 1480 \repeat volta 2 { Here's a } |
1484 \alternative { | 1481 \alternative { |
1485 { \skip 1 verse } | 1482 { _ verse } |
1486 { \skip 1 sec } | 1483 { \earlyExtender #-4 sec -- } |
1487 } | 1484 } |
1488 ond one. | 1485 ond one. |
1489 } | 1486 } |
1490 } | 1487 } |
1491 >> | 1488 >> |
1492 } | 1489 } |
1493 @end lilypond | 1490 @end lilypond |
1494 | 1491 |
1495 Note that if @code{\unfoldRepeats} is used around a section | 1492 Note that if @code{\unfoldRepeats} is used around a section containing |
1496 containing @code{\repeatTie}, the @code{\repeatTie} should be | 1493 @code{\repeatTie}, the @code{\repeatTie} should be removed to avoid both types |
1497 removed to avoid both types of tie being printed. | 1494 of tie being printed. |
1498 | 1495 |
1499 When the repeated section has different words a @code{\repeat} | 1496 When the repeated section has different words a @code{\repeat} cannot be used |
1500 cannot be used around the lyrics and @code{\skip} commands need to | 1497 around the lyrics and @code{\skip} commands need to be inserted manually, as |
1501 be inserted manually, as before. | 1498 before. |
| 1499 |
| 1500 @code{\shortenExtender} and @code{\earlyExtender} can be used together with |
| 1501 skips coded as @code{""} to give an optimal solution to the problem of lyric |
| 1502 extenders in such situations: |
1502 | 1503 |
1503 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 1504 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
| 1505 \paper { |
| 1506 ragged-right = ##f |
| 1507 } |
| 1508 |
1504 \score { | 1509 \score { |
1505 << | 1510 << |
1506 \new Staff { | 1511 \new Staff { |
1507 \time 2/4 | |
1508 \new Voice = "melody" { | |
1509 \relative { | |
1510 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~} | |
1511 \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } } | |
1512 c4 c | |
1513 } | |
1514 } | |
1515 } | |
1516 \new Lyrics { | |
1517 \lyricsto "melody" { | |
1518 Here's a __ verse. | |
1519 \repeat unfold 2 { \skip 1 } | |
1520 } | |
1521 } | |
1522 \new Lyrics { | |
1523 \lyricsto "melody" { | |
1524 Here's one | |
1525 \repeat unfold 2 { \skip 1 } | |
1526 more to sing. | |
1527 } | |
1528 } | |
1529 >> | |
1530 } | |
1531 @end lilypond | |
1532 | |
1533 If you wish to show extenders and hyphens into and out of | |
1534 alternative sections these must be inserted manually. | |
1535 | |
1536 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | |
1537 \score { | |
1538 << | |
1539 \new Staff { | |
1540 \time 2/4 | 1512 \time 2/4 |
1541 \new Voice = "melody" { | 1513 \new Voice = "melody" { |
1542 \relative { | 1514 \relative { |
1543 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~} | 1515 \repeat volta 2 { b'4 b ~} |
1544 \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } } | 1516 \alternative { { b b } { b \repeatTie c } } |
1545 c4 c | 1517 c4 c |
1546 } | 1518 } |
1547 } | 1519 } |
1548 } | 1520 } |
1549 \new Lyrics { | 1521 \new Lyrics { |
1550 \lyricsto "melody" { | 1522 \lyricsto "melody" { |
1551 Here's a __ verse. | 1523 Here's a verse. "" "" |
1552 \repeat unfold 2 { \skip 1 } | |
1553 } | 1524 } |
1554 } | 1525 } |
1555 \new Lyrics { | 1526 \new Lyrics { |
1556 \lyricsto "melody" { | 1527 \lyricsto "melody" { |
1557 Here's "a_" | 1528 Here's \shortenExtender #4 one "" \earlyExtender #-4 more to sing. |
1558 \skip 1 | |
1559 "_" sec -- ond one. | |
1560 } | 1529 } |
1561 } | 1530 } |
1562 >> | 1531 >> |
1563 } | 1532 } |
1564 @end lilypond | 1533 @end lilypond |
1565 | 1534 |
1566 @seealso | 1535 @seealso |
1567 Notation Reference: | 1536 Notation Reference: |
1568 @ref{Keeping contexts alive}, | 1537 @ref{Keeping contexts alive}, |
1569 @ref{Repeats}. | 1538 @ref{Repeats}. |
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1660 @funindex \partcombine | 1629 @funindex \partcombine |
1661 | 1630 |
1662 When two voices with different rhythms share the same lyrics, | 1631 When two voices with different rhythms share the same lyrics, |
1663 aligning the lyrics to one of the voices may lead to problems in | 1632 aligning the lyrics to one of the voices may lead to problems in |
1664 the other voice. For example, the second lyric extender below is | 1633 the other voice. For example, the second lyric extender below is |
1665 too short, since the lyrics are aligned only to the top voice: | 1634 too short, since the lyrics are aligned only to the top voice: |
1666 | 1635 |
1667 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 1636 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
1668 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } | 1637 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } |
1669 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } | 1638 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } |
1670 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } | 1639 words = \lyricmode { la la } |
1671 | 1640 |
1672 \new Staff << | 1641 \new Staff << |
1673 \new Voice = "sopranoVoice" { \voiceOne \soprano } | 1642 \new Voice = "sopranoVoice" { \voiceOne \soprano } |
1674 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto } | 1643 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto } |
1675 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sopranoVoice" \words | 1644 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sopranoVoice" \words |
1676 >> | 1645 >> |
1677 @end lilypond | 1646 @end lilypond |
1678 | 1647 |
1679 To get the desired result, align the lyrics to a new | 1648 To get the desired result, align the lyrics to a new |
1680 @code{NullVoice} context containing a suitable combination of the | 1649 @code{NullVoice} context containing a suitable combination of the |
1681 two voices. The notes of the @code{NullVoice} context do not | 1650 two voices. The notes of the @code{NullVoice} context do not |
1682 appear on the printed page, but can be used to align the lyrics | 1651 appear on the printed page, but can be used to align the lyrics |
1683 appropriately: | 1652 appropriately: |
1684 | 1653 |
1685 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 1654 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
1686 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } | 1655 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } |
1687 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } | 1656 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } |
1688 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) b( a g a) } | 1657 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) b( a g a) } |
1689 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } | 1658 words = \lyricmode { la la } |
1690 | 1659 |
1691 \new Staff << | 1660 \new Staff << |
1692 \new Voice { \voiceOne \soprano } | 1661 \new Voice { \voiceOne \soprano } |
1693 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto } | 1662 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto } |
1694 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner | 1663 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner |
1695 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words | 1664 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words |
1696 >> | 1665 >> |
1697 @end lilypond | 1666 @end lilypond |
1698 | 1667 |
1699 This method also can be used with the @code{\partcombine} | 1668 This method also can be used with the @code{\partcombine} |
1700 function, which does not allow lyrics on its own: | 1669 function, which does not allow lyrics on its own: |
1701 | 1670 |
1702 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 1671 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
1703 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } | 1672 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } |
1704 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } | 1673 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } |
1705 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) b( a g a) } | 1674 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) b( a g a) } |
1706 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } | 1675 words = \lyricmode { la la } |
1707 | 1676 |
1708 \new Staff << | 1677 \new Staff << |
1709 \new Voice \partcombine \soprano \alto | 1678 \new Voice \partcombine \soprano \alto |
1710 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner | 1679 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner |
1711 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words | 1680 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words |
1712 >> | 1681 >> |
1713 @end lilypond | 1682 @end lilypond |
1714 | 1683 |
1715 @knownissues | 1684 @knownissues |
1716 The @code{\addLyrics} function only works with @code{Voice} lyrics | 1685 The @code{\addLyrics} function only works with @code{Voice} lyrics |
1717 and so cannot be used with @code{NullVoice}. | 1686 and so cannot be used with @code{NullVoice}. |
1718 | 1687 |
1719 @noindent | 1688 @noindent |
1720 The @code{\partcombine} function is described in | 1689 The @code{\partcombine} function is described in |
1721 @ref{Automatic part combining}. | 1690 @ref{Automatic part combining}. |
1722 | 1691 |
1723 Lastly, this method can be used even when the voices are in | 1692 Lastly, this method can be used even when the voices are in |
1724 different staves, and is not limited to only two voices: | 1693 different staves, and is not limited to only two voices: |
1725 | 1694 |
1726 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] | 1695 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
1727 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } | 1696 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } |
1728 altoOne = \relative { g'2 b8( a b4) } | 1697 altoOne = \relative { g'2 b8( a b4) } |
1729 altoTwo = \relative { d'2 g4( fis8 g) } | 1698 altoTwo = \relative { d'2 g4( fis8 g) } |
1730 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) d( d d d) } | 1699 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) d( d d d) } |
1731 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } | 1700 words = \lyricmode { la la } |
1732 | 1701 |
1733 \new ChoirStaff \with {\accepts NullVoice } << | 1702 \new ChoirStaff \with {\accepts NullVoice } << |
1734 \new Staff \soprano | 1703 \new Staff \soprano |
1735 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner | 1704 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner |
1736 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words | 1705 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words |
1737 \new Staff \partcombine \altoOne \altoTwo | 1706 \new Staff \partcombine \altoOne \altoTwo |
1738 >> | 1707 >> |
1739 @end lilypond | 1708 @end lilypond |
1740 | 1709 |
1741 @node Stanzas | 1710 @node Stanzas |
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1937 block: | 1906 block: |
1938 | 1907 |
1939 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote] | 1908 @lilypond[verbatim,ragged-right,quote] |
1940 << | 1909 << |
1941 \new Voice = melody \relative c' { | 1910 \new Voice = melody \relative c' { |
1942 \grace { c16( d e f } | 1911 \grace { c16( d e f } |
1943 g1) f | 1912 g1) f |
1944 } | 1913 } |
1945 \new Lyrics \with { includeGraceNotes = ##t } | 1914 \new Lyrics \with { includeGraceNotes = ##t } |
1946 \lyricsto melody { | 1915 \lyricsto melody { |
1947 Ah __ fa | 1916 Ah fa |
1948 } | 1917 } |
1949 >> | 1918 >> |
1950 @end lilypond | 1919 @end lilypond |
1951 | 1920 |
1952 @subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody | 1921 @subsubheading Switching to an alternative melody |
1953 | 1922 |
1954 @cindex associatedVoice | 1923 @cindex associatedVoice |
1955 @cindex alternative melody, switching to | 1924 @cindex alternative melody, switching to |
1956 | 1925 |
1957 More complex variations in setting lyrics to music are possible. | 1926 More complex variations in setting lyrics to music are possible. |
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3357 @ref{Ancient notation}. | 3326 @ref{Ancient notation}. |
3358 | 3327 |
3359 @c TODO | 3328 @c TODO |
3360 | 3329 |
3361 @c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet, | 3330 @c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet, |
3362 @c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv | 3331 @c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv |
3363 | 3332 |
3364 @seealso | 3333 @seealso |
3365 Notation Reference: | 3334 Notation Reference: |
3366 @ref{Ancient notation}. | 3335 @ref{Ancient notation}. |
3367 | |
3368 | |
3369 | |
3370 | |
OLD | NEW |