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1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- | 1 @c -*- coding: utf-8; mode: texinfo; -*- |
2 @ignore | 2 @ignore |
3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH | 3 Translation of GIT committish: FILL-IN-HEAD-COMMITTISH |
4 | 4 |
5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the | 5 When revising a translation, copy the HEAD committish of the |
6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors' | 6 version that you are working on. For details, see the Contributors' |
7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes.. | 7 Guide, node Updating translation committishes.. |
8 @end ignore | 8 @end ignore |
9 | 9 |
10 @c \version "2.17.19" | 10 @c \version "2.17.19" |
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866 @subsection Techniques specific to lyrics | 866 @subsection Techniques specific to lyrics |
867 | 867 |
868 @c TODO this whole section is to be reorganised | 868 @c TODO this whole section is to be reorganised |
869 | 869 |
870 @menu | 870 @menu |
871 * Working with lyrics and variables:: | 871 * Working with lyrics and variables:: |
872 * Placing lyrics vertically:: | 872 * Placing lyrics vertically:: |
873 * Placing syllables horizontally:: | 873 * Placing syllables horizontally:: |
874 * Lyrics and repeats:: | 874 * Lyrics and repeats:: |
875 * Divisi lyrics:: | 875 * Divisi lyrics:: |
| 876 * Polyphony with shared lyrics:: |
876 @end menu | 877 @end menu |
877 | 878 |
878 | 879 |
879 | 880 |
880 @node Working with lyrics and variables | 881 @node Working with lyrics and variables |
881 @unnumberedsubsubsec Working with lyrics and variables | 882 @unnumberedsubsubsec Working with lyrics and variables |
882 | 883 |
883 @cindex lyrics, using variables | 884 @cindex lyrics, using variables |
884 | 885 |
885 Variables containing lyrics can be created, but the lyrics must be | 886 Variables containing lyrics can be created, but the lyrics must be |
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1638 several measures. The @code{<< @{@dots{}@} \\ @{@dots{}@} >>} | 1639 several measures. The @code{<< @{@dots{}@} \\ @{@dots{}@} >>} |
1639 construct, where the two (or more) musical expressions are | 1640 construct, where the two (or more) musical expressions are |
1640 separated by double backslashes, might seem the proper way to | 1641 separated by double backslashes, might seem the proper way to |
1641 set the split voices. This construct, however, will assign | 1642 set the split voices. This construct, however, will assign |
1642 @strong{all} the expressions within it to @strong{NEW Voice | 1643 @strong{all} the expressions within it to @strong{NEW Voice |
1643 contexts} which will result in @emph{no lyrics} being set for | 1644 contexts} which will result in @emph{no lyrics} being set for |
1644 them since the lyrics will be set to the original voice context | 1645 them since the lyrics will be set to the original voice context |
1645 -- not, typically, what one wants. The temporary polyphonic | 1646 -- not, typically, what one wants. The temporary polyphonic |
1646 passage is the proper construct to use, see section | 1647 passage is the proper construct to use, see section |
1647 @emph{Temporary polyphonic passages} in @ref{Single-staff polyphony}. | 1648 @emph{Temporary polyphonic passages} in @ref{Single-staff polyphony}. |
| 1649 |
| 1650 |
| 1651 @node Polyphony with shared lyrics |
| 1652 @unnumberedsubsubsec Polyphony with shared lyrics |
| 1653 |
| 1654 @cindex NullVoice |
| 1655 @cindex polyphony, shared lyrics |
| 1656 @cindex lyrics, shared among voices |
| 1657 @cindex \partcombine and lyrics |
| 1658 @funindex \partcombine |
| 1659 |
| 1660 When two voices with different rhythms share the same lyrics, |
| 1661 aligning the lyrics to one of the voices may lead to problems in |
| 1662 the other voice. For example, the second lyric extender below is |
| 1663 too short, since the lyrics are aligned only to the top voice: |
| 1664 |
| 1665 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
| 1666 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } |
| 1667 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } |
| 1668 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } |
| 1669 |
| 1670 \new Staff << |
| 1671 \new Voice = "sopranoVoice" { \voiceOne \soprano } |
| 1672 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto } |
| 1673 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "sopranoVoice" \words |
| 1674 >> |
| 1675 @end lilypond |
| 1676 |
| 1677 To get the desired result, align the lyrics to a new |
| 1678 @code{NullVoice} context containing a suitable combination of the |
| 1679 two voices. The notes of the @code{NullVoice} context do not |
| 1680 appear on the printed page, but can be used to align the lyrics |
| 1681 appropriately: |
| 1682 |
| 1683 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
| 1684 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } |
| 1685 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } |
| 1686 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) b( a g a) } |
| 1687 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } |
| 1688 |
| 1689 \new Staff << |
| 1690 \new Voice { \voiceOne \soprano } |
| 1691 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto } |
| 1692 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner |
| 1693 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words |
| 1694 >> |
| 1695 @end lilypond |
| 1696 |
| 1697 The @code{NullVoice} context must be inside a @code{Staff} |
| 1698 context, and should only contain notes that are already being |
| 1699 displayed in that staff, and in the same octave. Otherwise the |
| 1700 @code{NullVoice} may interact with the printed voices in |
| 1701 unexpected ways. For example, the last note of the soprano below |
| 1702 should have a natural sign, but it is not printed because the |
| 1703 arbitrary notes of the @code{NullVoice} have already cancelled it: |
| 1704 |
| 1705 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
| 1706 soprano = \relative { cis''4( d) c2 } |
| 1707 alto = \relative { a'2 a4( g) } |
| 1708 aligner = \relative { c''4( c) c( c) } |
| 1709 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } |
| 1710 |
| 1711 \new Staff << |
| 1712 \new Voice { \voiceOne \soprano } |
| 1713 \new Voice { \voiceTwo \alto } |
| 1714 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner |
| 1715 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words |
| 1716 >> |
| 1717 @end lilypond |
| 1718 |
| 1719 This method also can be used with the @code{\partcombine} |
| 1720 function, which does not allow lyrics on its own: |
| 1721 |
| 1722 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
| 1723 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } |
| 1724 alto = \relative { g'2 b8( a g a) } |
| 1725 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) b( a g a) } |
| 1726 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } |
| 1727 |
| 1728 \new Staff << |
| 1729 \new Voice \partcombine \soprano \alto |
| 1730 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner |
| 1731 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words |
| 1732 >> |
| 1733 @end lilypond |
| 1734 |
| 1735 @noindent |
| 1736 The @code{\partcombine} function is described in |
| 1737 @ref{Automatic part combining}. |
| 1738 |
| 1739 Lastly, this method can be used even when the voices are in |
| 1740 different staves, and is not limited to only two voices: |
| 1741 |
| 1742 @lilypond[quote,verbatim] |
| 1743 soprano = \relative { b'8( c d c) d2 } |
| 1744 altoOne = \relative { g'2 b8( a b4) } |
| 1745 altoTwo = \relative { d'2 g4( fis8 g) } |
| 1746 aligner = \relative { b'8( c d c) d( d d d) } |
| 1747 words = \lyricmode { la __ la __ } |
| 1748 |
| 1749 \new ChoirStaff << |
| 1750 \new Staff << |
| 1751 \soprano |
| 1752 \new NullVoice = "aligner" \aligner |
| 1753 >> |
| 1754 \new Lyrics \lyricsto "aligner" \words |
| 1755 \new Staff \partcombine \altoOne \altoTwo |
| 1756 >> |
| 1757 @end lilypond |
| 1758 |
| 1759 However, note that in the second half of the measure above, the |
| 1760 notes in the @code{NullVoice} context reflect the rhythm of the |
| 1761 lower staff, but they do not deviate from the single pitch being |
| 1762 displayed in the staff to which the @code{NullVoice} belongs. |
| 1763 While not actually required in this particular example, it is a |
| 1764 good idea in general to enter the notes in this way. |
1648 | 1765 |
1649 | 1766 |
1650 @node Stanzas | 1767 @node Stanzas |
1651 @subsection Stanzas | 1768 @subsection Stanzas |
1652 | 1769 |
1653 @menu | 1770 @menu |
1654 * Adding stanza numbers:: | 1771 * Adding stanza numbers:: |
1655 * Adding dynamics marks to stanzas:: | 1772 * Adding dynamics marks to stanzas:: |
1656 * Adding singers' names to stanzas:: | 1773 * Adding singers' names to stanzas:: |
1657 * Stanzas with different rhythms:: | 1774 * Stanzas with different rhythms:: |
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3277 @c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet, | 3394 @c Add "Printing both the ancient and the modern clef in vocal music" snippet, |
3278 @c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv | 3395 @c and "Transcription of Ancient music with incipit" snippet. -vv |
3279 | 3396 |
3280 @seealso | 3397 @seealso |
3281 Notation Reference: | 3398 Notation Reference: |
3282 @ref{Ancient notation}. | 3399 @ref{Ancient notation}. |
3283 | 3400 |
3284 | 3401 |
3285 | 3402 |
3286 | 3403 |
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